Interplay Between Spindle Architecture and Function

Helmke, Kara J.; Heald, Rebecca; Wilbur, Jeremy D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407694-5.00003-1

Cited by 72 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…In that system, radial asters formed predominantly in droplets larger than ϳ30 m, whereas distorted asters with one pole pushed toward the droplet boundary were observed at intermediate droplet sizes of ϳ10 -30 m. Such mispositioned asters were less frequently observed in our experiments, probably because the microtubules were not dynamic because of the presence of stabilizing agents such as paclitaxel and glycerol (25,43), which we added to promote efficient microtubule nucleation. In contrast, microtubules in Xenopus egg extract nucleate efficiently and are highly dynamic because of the presence of a multitude of microtubule nucleation and dynamics regulating proteins (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motor-mediated Cortical versus Astral Microtubule Organization in Lipid-monolayered Droplets

Baumann

Surrey

2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: How cytoskeleton architecture is established within the confining boundary of the cell membrane is not understood. Results: Together, spatial constraints and cross-linking motor activities determine distinct motor/microtubule organizations in a biomimetic system. Conclusion: Characteristic microtubule architectures result from basic design principles. Significance: Spatial confinement plays an important role in cytoskeleton organization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spatial organization of microtubules is determined by biochemical activities, for example from nucleators, microtubule dynamics regulators, crosslinkers and molecular motors, but also by the presence of the cell boundary (1)(2)(3). The principles underlying the establishment of distinct intracellular architectures are only poorly understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor-mediated Cortical versus Astral Microtubule Organization in Lipid-monolayered Droplets

Baumann

Surrey

2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Microtubules (MTs; stiff biological polymers composed of tubulin protein subunits) and motor proteins are the building blocks of self-organized biological structures such as the mitotic spindle and the centrosomal MT array [138]. They are also the ingredients in liquid-crystalline active fluids powered by ATP and driven out of equilibrium by motor-protein activity to display complex flows and persistent defect dynamics.…”

Section: Microtubules and Motor Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of Active Suspensions

Saintillan

Shelley

2014

Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering

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Active suspensions, of which a bath of swimming microorganisms is a paradigmatic example, denote large collections of individual particles or macromolecules capable of converting fuel into mechanical work and microstructural stresses. Such systems, which have excited much research in the last decade, exhibit complex dynamical behaviors such as large-scale correlated motions and pattern formation due to hydrodynamic interactions. In this chapter, we summarize efforts to model these systems using particle simulations and continuum kinetic theories. After reviewing results from experiments and simulations, we present a general kinetic model for a suspension of self-propelled rodlike particles and discuss its stability and nonlinear dynamics. We then address extensions of this model that capture the effect of steric interactions in concentrated systems, the impact of confinement and interactions with boundaries, and the effect of the suspending medium rheology. Finally, we discuss new active systems such as those that involve the interactions of biopolymers with immersed motor proteins and surface-bound suspensions of chemically powered particles.

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“…1). 26,27 The mitotic spindle is a bipolar structure composed of microtubules and associated motor proteins. Microtubules initially emanate from the spindle poles and/or centrosomes toward the cell equator and attach to the kinetochore of a chromosome with their plus ends.…”

Section: Pro-metaphase And/or Metaphase: Spindle Formation and Chromomentioning

confidence: 99%