Interplay between Hormones and Several Abiotic Stress Conditions on Arabidopsis thaliana Primary Root Development

Abstract

As sessile organisms, plants must adjust their growth to withstand several environmental conditions. The root is a crucial organ for plant survival as it is responsible for water and nutrient acquisition from the soil and has high phenotypic plasticity in response to a lack or excess of them. How plants sense and transduce their external conditions to achieve development, is still a matter of investigation and hormones play fundamental roles. Hormones are small molecules essential for plant growth and their function is modulated in response to stress environmental conditions and internal cues to adjust plant development. This review was motivated by the need to explore how Arabidopsis thaliana primary root differentially sense and transduce external conditions to modify its development and how hormone-mediated pathways contribute to achieve it. To accomplish this, we discuss available data of primary root growth phenotype under several hormone loss or gain of function mutants or exogenous application of compounds that affect hormone concentration in several abiotic stress conditions. This review shows how different hormones could promote or inhibit primary root development in A. thaliana depending on their growth in several environmental conditions. Interestingly, the only hormone that always acts as a promoter of primary root development is gibberellins.

Comparative Study between Exogenously Applied Plant Growth Hormones versus Metabolites of Microbial Endophytes as Plant Growth-Promoting for Phaseolus vulgaris L.

“…Exogenous hormones play an important role in stimulating plant growth under various biotic and abiotic stresses, but little is known about the relationship of exogenous hormones to their endogenous concentrations [ 91 ]. Our tests showed that the application of exogenously hormones as well as endophytic extracts had varying effects on the hormonal content of the common bean plants, and some of these treatments caused a significant increase in the hormonal content of the plant.…”

Epigenomic Regulators Elongator Complex Subunit 2 and Methyltransferase 1 Differentially Condition the Spaceflight Response in Arabidopsis

“…Plants cope with environmental changes by reprogramming gene expression and metabolic processes necessary for growth, development, and survival (e.g., Hirayama and Shinozaki, 2010 ; Sewelam et al, 2014 ; Lopez-Ruiz et al, 2020 ). The adaptability of a genotype to changing environmental conditions is therefore determined by its genome and gene activity, both of which are in turn influenced by epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation (e.g., Dowen et al, 2012 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ).…”

Interplay between ARABIDOPSIS Gβ and WRKY transcription factors differentiates environmental stress responses

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