Interplay between alveolar epithelial and dendritic cells and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Abstract

The innate response plays a crucial role in the protection against tuberculosis development. Moreover, the initial steps that drive the host-pathogen interaction following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are critical for the development of adaptive immune response. As alveolar M s, airway epithelial cells, and dendritic cells can sense the presence of M. tuberculosis and are the first infected cells. These cells secrete mediators, which generate inflammatory signals that drive the differentiation and activation of the T lymphocytes necessary to clear the infection. Throughout this review article, we addressed the interaction between epithelial cells and M. tuberculosis, as well as the interaction between dendritic cells and M. tuberculosis. The understanding of the mechanisms that modulate those interactions is critical to have a complete view of the onset of an infection and may be useful for the development of dendritic cell-based vaccine or immunotherapies.

Differential Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Active Tuberculosis: A Key to a Successful Tuberculosis Control Strategy

“…As a paradigmatic intracellular pathogen, M. tuberculosis first invades the alveolar epithelial cells (pneumocytes I and II) after host inhalation of droplets containing bacteria via airborne transmission (Chai et al, 2020). The role of alveolar epithelial cells has been well documented in numerous studies since the 1990s (Kanai et al, 1979;Rodrigues et al, 2020). These cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of TB as replicative niches in the spread of infection via cellular death due to TB infection and play immunomodulatory roles through the expression of cytokines and chemokines (Scordo et al, 2016;Rodrigues et al, 2020).…”

“…The role of alveolar epithelial cells has been well documented in numerous studies since the 1990s (Kanai et al, 1979;Rodrigues et al, 2020). These cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of TB as replicative niches in the spread of infection via cellular death due to TB infection and play immunomodulatory roles through the expression of cytokines and chemokines (Scordo et al, 2016;Rodrigues et al, 2020). Macrophages are one of the first responders in host defense against M. tuberculosis.…”

Structural Variability of Lipoarabinomannan Modulates Innate Immune Responses within Infected Alveolar Epithelial Cells

“…After M. tb infection, LAM can modulate the innate immunity of phagocytes, such as alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells [52,53]. The innate immune responses against mycobacteria are mainly involved in inflammatory factors secretion, phagocytosis, autophagy, and bactericidal activity [20,54]. LAM is recognized through mannose receptor (MR), dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), and TLRs [55].…”

Precision Vaccine Development: Cues From Natural Immunity

“…The mechanism of antigen delivery in humans after MTB infection remains somewhat obscure. Peripheral blood CD1c + cells have been reported to initiate T helper 1 (Th1) polarization in active MTB patients ( 39 , 40 ). Impairing IFNγ production by CD11c + CD1c + conventional DCs in human has been recently characterized ( 41 ).…”