Interplay among membrane properties, protein properties and operating conditions on protein fouling during normal-flow microfiltration

Membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors—Characterisation, contradictions, cause and cures

“…While BSA showed a gradual flux decrease, ovalbumin showed a steep drop to an almost constant value. Similarly, hemoglobin fouling of an MF membrane was greater than that caused by BSA [81].…”

“…Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been applied to identify functional groups of organic molecules adsorbed on membrane surfaces [74,80,81].…”

“…[46,[80][81][82][108][109][110][111]). In contrast to using the unpredictable, varying, and opaque mixture of solids, colloids and solutes in mixed liquor, model foulants allow fundamental understanding of fouling mechanisms (microscale interactions) and the application of more advanced characterisation and analytical techniques.…”

Forward Osmosis as a Pre-Treatment Step for Seawater Dilution and Wastewater Reclamation

“…Thus, the combined wastewater-seawater dilution process promises to be a simple and effective water recovery process that might be hindered by membrane fouling. But the resulting fouling layer can be easily washed-off using physical cleaning methods [101,102].…”

Attenuated total reflectance infrared microspectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis, a novel tool to characterize cleaning efficiency of organic microfiltration membranes

“…Among the studies on membrane fouling it is possible to find, among others, applications to obtain qualitative information about the foulants during ultrafiltration of polysaccharide suspensions [16], studies on BSA or hemoglobin adsorption during filtration using several organic membranes [17] and applications on fouling control in bioreactors [18]. The characterization of membranes by FTIR before and after cleaning has been studied, [11] who studied the extend of membrane alteration after chemical cleaning with NaOH or NaOCl of membranes fouled with BSA; by Wu and Bird [19] who combined the study of membrane fouling during tea microfiltration and the effectiveness of cleaning with NaOH; by Rabiller-Baudry et al [20] who studied membrane cleaning (with NaOH, Tween 20 or Ultrasil 10) of polyethersulfone (PES) membranes used for skim milk ultrafiltration and by Väisänen et al [21] who studied the effect of the cleaning agent composition upon ultrafiltration membranes fouled with whey protein concentrate or ground mill circulation water.…”