Interphase formation and fiber matrix adhesion in carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin: influence of carbon fiber surface chemistry

Moosburger‐Will, Judith; Jäger, Jan; Strauch, Julia; Bauer, Matthias; Strobl, Stefan; Linscheid, Florian F.; Horn, S.

doi:10.1080/09276440.2017.1267513

Cited by 43 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…It is important to note that the nanopores discussed do not refer to the typical void fractions found in materials. Hence, in this paper, to avoid confusion or misinterpretation, we refer to what are occasionally called nanopores as “surface dimples.”…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While AFM has been applied for carbon fiber analysis, high-resolution imaging of carbon fiber surfaces is still not comprehensively explored, and frequently, only modest resolution is used for AFM scanning without sophisticated analysis of the topography at the multi-length scales. , Many recent studies that analyze carbon fiber surfaces and interfaces and the roles of defects utilize SEM and AFM for more nanoscale measurements and imaging; however, they do not usually breach 1 μm dimensions and pixel resolutions below 10 nm in their surface analysis. ,, For nanoscale resolution of the defect-related topography at higher magnification, ultrasharp tips with radii less than 2 nm are required for characterization of nanoscale features at a resolution of ∼1 nm, as was exploited in this study (Methods). We delve below a 1 μm magnification with an ∼1 nm resolution to reveal the unique surface topography of various carbon fiber surfaces that impact the bonding capabilities and adhesion role of the carbon fiber interphase (Figure ).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Fiber Surface Functional Landscapes: Nanoscale Topography and Property Distribution

Adstedt

Stojcevski

Newman

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The ultimate properties of carbon fibers and their composites are largely dictated by the surface topography of the fibers and the interface characteristics, which are primarily influenced by the surface distribution of chemical functionalities and their interactions with the matrix resin. Nevertheless, nanoscale insights on the carbon fiber surface in relationship with its chemical modification are still rarely addressed. Here, we demonstrate a critical insight on the nanoscale surface topography characterization of modified novel carbon fibers using high-resolution atomic force microscopy at multiple length scales. We compare the nanoscale surface characteristics relevant to their role in controlling interfacial interactions for carbon fibers manufactured at two different tensions and two distinct chemically functionalized coatings. We used surface dimple (also known as nanopores) profiling, microroughness analysis, power spectral density analysis, and adhesion and electrostatic potential mapping to reveal the fine details of surface characteristics at different length scales. This analysis demonstrates that the carbon fibers processed at lower tension possess a higher fractal dimension with a more corrugated surface and higher surface roughness, which leads to increased surface adhesion and energy dissipation across nano- and microscales. Furthermore, electrochemical surface modification with amine- and fluoro-functional groups significantly masks the microroughness inherent to these fibers. This results in increased fractal dimension and decreased energy dissipation and adhesion due to the high chemical reactivity in the areas of asperities and surface defects combined with a significant increase in the surface potential, as revealed by Kelvin probe mapping. These local surface properties of carbon fibers are crucial for designing next-generation fiber composites with predictable interfacial strength and the overall mechanical performance by considering the fiber surface topography for proper control of interphase formation.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Fiber Surface Functional Landscapes: Nanoscale Topography and Property Distribution

Adstedt

Stojcevski

Newman

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…For composites with untreated CFs without compatibilizer (Figure 8B), the interfacial adhesion between PP and CFs was poor during tensile process under external force. [ 34 ] The crazing induced by the fiber‐matrix interface formed a large size crack around each CF and therefore, each CF led to the occurrence of defects. This was also the reason why this type of composites possessed poor mechanical properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential work of fracture analysis for surface modified carbon fiber/polypropylene composites with different interfacial adhesion

et al. 2020

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The fracture behavior of polypropylene/carbon fiber composites with different interfacial adhesion was evaluated using the essential work of fracture method. All samples exhibited ductile fracture characteristics, while the specific essential fracture work, we, was obviously decreased by carbon fiber incorporation, indicating the impaired ductility and toughness for polypropylene. The cracks were easily formed and expanded at the fiber‐matrix interface under external force for polypropylene/original carbon fiber composites, since the weak interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix could not prevent the generation of new crack. Introduction of compatibilizer as well as surface modification of fibers effectively improved the interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix, so that the value of we increased and the elastic deformation of the composites became more prominent. Therefore, the improvement of interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix influenced both elastic and plastic deformation of the composites.

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“…The adhesion strength can be increased by the formation of oxygen-containing active groups through surface modification that can create covalent bonds with the active groups of resin leading to a composite material with improved interfacial properties [ 12 ]. The main issue is that, during the modification of fibres, the sintering out of fibre pores, micro-cracks, and fibre destruction can occur [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Physical–Mechanical Properties Assessment of Tailored Surface-Treated Carbon Fibres

et al. 2020

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Carbon Fibres (CFs) are widely used in textile-reinforced composites for the construction of lightweight, durable structures. Since their inert surface does not allow effective bonding with the matrix material, the surface treatment of fibres is suggested to improve the adhesion between the two. In the present study, different surface modifications are compared in terms of the mechanical enhancement that they can offer to the fibres. Two main advanced technologies have been investigated; namely, plasma treatment and electrochemical treatment. Specifically, active screen plasma and low-pressure plasma were compared. Regarding the electrochemical modification, electrochemical oxidation and electropolymerisation of monomer solutions of acrylic and methacrylic acids, acrylonitrile and N-vinyl pyrrolidine were tested for HTA-40 CFs. In order to assess the effects of the surface treatments, the morphology, the physicochemical properties, as well as the mechanical integrity of the fibres were investigated. The CF surface and polymeric matrix interphase adhesion in composites were also analysed. The improvement of the carbon fibre’s physical–mechanical properties was evident for the case of the active screen plasma treatment and the electrochemical oxidation.

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Interphase formation and fiber matrix adhesion in carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin: influence of carbon fiber surface chemistry

Cited by 43 publications

References 48 publications

Carbon Fiber Surface Functional Landscapes: Nanoscale Topography and Property Distribution

Carbon Fiber Surface Functional Landscapes: Nanoscale Topography and Property Distribution

Essential work of fracture analysis for surface modified carbon fiber/polypropylene composites with different interfacial adhesion

Comparative Physical–Mechanical Properties Assessment of Tailored Surface-Treated Carbon Fibres

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