Interpersonal distance and impression formation

Patterson, Miles L.; Sechrest, Lee

doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1970.tb00001.x

Cited by 75 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…On the one hand, people place themselves closer to others they like than to others they do not like, as long as their personal space is not invaded (Little 1965;Mehrabian 1968;Mehrabian and Diamond 1971). On the other hand, people who were experimentally placed closer or adjacent to each other developed more positive conversations and rated each other as more positive, more attractive, and more desirable (Back et al 2008;Kahn and McGaughey 1977;Patterson and Sechrest 1970). Thus, people who like each other sit closer together and people who are placed near each other start to like each other more.…”

Section: Association Between Physical and Psychological Distancementioning

confidence: 94%

“…The different theories on the effects of physical and psychological distance have been examined repeatedly with adults (e.g., Kahn and McGaughey 1977;Latané et al 1995;Little 1965, McAndrew 1993Mehrabian 1968;Patterson and Sechrest 1970). This-mostly experimentalresearch has demonstrated an inverse association between psychological proximity and physical distance.…”

Section: Association Between Physical and Psychological Distancementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Hall's (1966) book The Hidden Dimension inspired a growing literature on how people use and shape their environment to manage their social interactions. This literature has shown that psychological and physical closeness are related, and that a smaller physical distance is related to more positive judgments (Altman and Vinsel 1977;Mehrabian and Diamond 1971;Latané et al 1995;Patterson and Sechrest 1970). While much is known about the effects of personal space on behavior and psychological closeness in adults, few studies have examined these effects in children, for example, in their classrooms (Strayer and Roberts 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Changing Peer Perceptions and Victimization through Classroom Arrangements: A Field Experiment

Berg

Segers

Cillessen

2011

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an experimental manipulation of distance between classmates on peer affiliations and classroom climate. Participants were 651 10-to-12 year-old children (48% boys) from 27 Grade 5 and Grade 6 classrooms of 23 schools, who were assigned to an experimental or a control condition. Peer affiliations were assessed with peer nominations and likeability ratings before and after the manipulation of distance. In the experimental condition, children who did not like each other were placed closer together for several weeks in order to promote more positive peer relations. The decrease in distance lead to higher likeability ratings for children who were perceived most negatively at the beginning of the school year. In addition, a reduction in peer-reported victimization and social withdrawal nominations was found. The results suggest that the classroom seating arrangement can be used as a tool to improve liking among peers and reduce peer-reported problem behaviors in the classroom.

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Section: Association Between Physical and Psychological Distancementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Association Between Physical and Psychological Distancementioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Changing Peer Perceptions and Victimization through Classroom Arrangements: A Field Experiment

Berg

Segers

Cillessen

2011

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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“…composure, and formality, research evidence is scanty. Patterson and Sechrest (1970) found confederates were judged as least extraverted and socially active at a far distance and most active at a near distance. Patterson (1976) subsequently argued that close proximity creates a highly arousing communication situation.…”

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relational Messages Associated With Nonverbal Behaviors

Burgoon¹,

Buller²,

Hale³

et al. 1984

Human Comm Res

284

161

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One of the more central functions of nonverbal behavior in interpersonal settings is the communication of relational messages (Burgoon, 1980). These messages, which define the nature of the interpersonal relationship between actors, not only provide a framework for interpreting communication exchanges but also guide decisions about subsequent conduct within the relationship. Jirdci. K . Birrgoon ( E d . D., West Virginia University. 1974) is professor of speech communication a t t h e University of Arizona, Tucson. Doiid B. Buller ( M . A . Auburn University, 1980) is a doctoral student in communication a t Michigan State 0 1984 International Communication Assn. 35 1

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“…Several studies (Patterson & Holmes, 1966;Cook, 1970;Patterson & Sechrest, 1970) have found that there is a positive relationship between Extraversion (measured by the Maudsley Personality Inventory and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) and personal space based on seating distance. The more extraverted the person, the closer he will tend to sit to another person.…”

Section: Resistance To Change Reflected In Body Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Resistance to Change Exposed in Individuals' Thoughts and Behaviors

Forsell¹,

Åström²

2012

Comprehensive Psychology

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Resistance to change can be the cause of difficulty when it is either too strong or too weak. Therapy or information can be used to either strengthen or weaken resistance to change to appropriate levels. The purpose of this article is intended to disclose the relationship between resistance to change and some aspects of human behavior. Resistance to change has affective, cognitive, and behavioral components that create a psychological resistance to making a change in particular situations or overall changes in one's life, and often appears in psychotherapy and/or when organizational alterations are underway. Four subfactors of resistance to change have been found and are related to extraversion and neuroticism in the “Big Five” personality model. Much indicates that the development of resistance to change begins early in childhood and may be neurophysiologically founded. It can be traced in both macro and micro gestures in body language and is believed to influence general health. Whereas previously published studies on resistance to change have mainly dealt with the effect of psychotherapy and/or re-organization of staff members in organizations, this analysis will show different areas in human thought, behavior, and situations where resistance can appear, and it will try to analyze what is behind the mechanism of resistance to change.

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Interpersonal distance and impression formation

Cited by 75 publications

References 8 publications

Changing Peer Perceptions and Victimization through Classroom Arrangements: A Field Experiment

Changing Peer Perceptions and Victimization through Classroom Arrangements: A Field Experiment

Relational Messages Associated With Nonverbal Behaviors

An Analysis of Resistance to Change Exposed in Individuals' Thoughts and Behaviors

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