Interpenetrating polymer networks of liquid-crystalline azobenzene polymers and poly(dimethylsiloxane) as photomobile materials

Ube, Toru; Minagawa, Keiji; Ikeda, Tomiki

doi:10.1039/c7sm01412k

Cited by 36 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In a practical point of view, a large variation of Young's modulus is helpful to design adequate materials depending on the purpose of use. It has been also found that Young's modulus can be controlled by introducing amorphous polymer components into CLCPs to form interpenetrating polymer networks . Photoactuation based on the change in T g along with photoisomerization has been demonstrated as well …”

Section: Structures Of Photomobile Polymer Materials From Nano To Macromentioning

confidence: 93%

Photomobile Polymer Materials with Complex 3D Deformation, Continuous Motions, Self‐Regulation, and Enhanced Processability

Ube

Ikeda

2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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Liquid‐crystalline polymers with photodeformable properties have been extensively studied due to their ability of wireless conversion of light energy into mechanical work. With the development of crosslinked liquid‐crystalline polymers, various 3D motions, such as bending, twisting, oscillation, rotation, and translational motion have been successfully induced. Recent trends for developing soft robots and microrobots accelerate the progress of photomobile polymer materials. This review is focused on recent advances in the field of photomobile materials based on liquid‐crystalline polymers. The structure–function relationship in photomobile polymer materials is overviewed, and the progress in recent years is detailed in terms of complex 3D deformation, continuous motions, self‐regulation, and processability.

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Section: Structures Of Photomobile Polymer Materials From Nano To Macromentioning

confidence: 93%

Photomobile Polymer Materials with Complex 3D Deformation, Continuous Motions, Self‐Regulation, and Enhanced Processability

Ube

Ikeda

2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…New material systems (such as IPNs) can be developed to obtain materials with favorable actuation stress and fast reversible deformation. [132,133] Another solution is to adopt a hybrid structure composed of both stiff and soft components. [134] Second, for most cases where the actuation is essentially thermally stimulated, the mechanical response of an LCN-based soft robot is related to its phase-transition behavior and the temperature-switching approach.…”

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Crystal Polymer‐Based Soft Robots

Xiao

Jiang

Zhao

2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Soft robots outperform the conventional robots on enhanced safety for human-machine interaction, environmental adaptability, and continuous deformation. In this blooming area of fundamental and technological importance, liquid crystal polymer networks and liquid crystal elastomers (referred to as LCNs) have emerged as one of the most valuable candidates for soft robots due to their complex, large, and reversible shape change capabilities. To date, much research effort, mainly regarding chemical synthesis, fabrication technologies and soft robot design, has been dedicated to LCN robotic systems to endow them with versatile and complex actions controlled by various stimuli. Herein, starting with the principle that governs the stimuli-responsiveness of LCNs, recent progress made in LCN soft robots is summarized while focusing on different robotic motions, such as grapping, walking, swimming, and oscillation. Especially, novel LCNs with intelligent functions such as reprocessability, reconfigurability, self-regulating behavior and associative learning capability, are highlighted. This article aims to provide significant insights into the design and development of LCN-based soft robots.

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“…For the most‐known example, Gong's group has developed the double network gel (DN gels) composed of two kinds of network with different strength, where these two kinds of cross‐linked networks are interpenetrating with each other. Thus DN gels are a special class, but can be categorized and called as the interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). In their first report, the first network is kept flexible and highly stretchable while the second network is designed to be brittle against deformation.…”

Section: Summary Of Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of All Polyester‐Based Semi‐IPN Elastomers Containing Self‐Associative or Non‐Associative Guest Chains via Post‐Blending Cross‐Linking

Hayashi

Sugimoto

Takasu

2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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and gels. [7][8][9][10][11] The fracture of these materials occurs mainly because of the localized stress concentration in the molecular network under deformation. [12,13] Therefore, suppression of the stress concentration should be required to achieve high-toughness materials, which can be enabled simply by incorporation of a stress-dissipation device in the network structure. For the most-known example, Gong's group has developed the double network gel (DN gels) composed of two kinds of network with different strength, [14][15][16][17][18][19] where these two kinds of cross-linked networks are interpenetrating with each other. Thus DN gels are a special class, but can be categorized and called as the interpenetrating polymer network (IPN [20][21][22][23][24] ). In their first report, [25] the first network is kept flexible and highly stretchable while the second network is designed to be brittle against deformation. Under deformation, the brittle network is therefore broken primary to the fracture of the flexible network. The fracture of the brittle network can work sacrificially to suppress stress-localization in the network, providing high mechanical toughness to the material. Similarly, there is also another category of interpenetrating poly mer network, called semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN). In semi-IPN materials, the guest polymers that do not form permanent cross-links interpenetrate with the main network. [26][27][28][29][30] For such materials, various physical properties, including the thermal properties and mechanical toughness, are modified or enhanced by adding guest polymers that have different thermal or flow properties.Conventionally, IPN or semi-IPN materials are prepared by polymerization of second monomers in the presence of a first cross-linked network, where the cross-linkable monomers (such as divinyl monomers) are also added in case for preparation of IPN materials. Therefore, in such preparation methods, the molecular characteristics of component polymers and networks (e.g., the molecular weight, the fraction of second network or guest polymers) are difficult to be quantified due to the insoluble nature of cross-linked systems. This limits the precise investigation of correlation between molecular characteristics and physical properties. In addition, for both IPN and semi-IPN materials, the compatibility between the component Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Mechanical properties of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) elastomers consisting of chemical networks and self-associative/nonassociative guest chains are demonstrated. Amorphous low T g polyesters with thiol side groups (PE-SH) are first synthesized by melt polycondensation. PE-SH are then converted to polyesters containing COOH side groups (PE-COOH) and amide side groups (PE-amide) through Michael addition reaction of thiol groups with acrylic acid and acrylamide, respectively. Homogeneous semi-IPN elastomers are obtained by thermal cross-linking for bulk mixtures of PE-COOH and PE-amide in the...

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Interpenetrating polymer networks of liquid-crystalline azobenzene polymers and poly(dimethylsiloxane) as photomobile materials

Cited by 36 publications

References 20 publications

Photomobile Polymer Materials with Complex 3D Deformation, Continuous Motions, Self‐Regulation, and Enhanced Processability

Photomobile Polymer Materials with Complex 3D Deformation, Continuous Motions, Self‐Regulation, and Enhanced Processability

Liquid Crystal Polymer‐Based Soft Robots

Preparation of All Polyester‐Based Semi‐IPN Elastomers Containing Self‐Associative or Non‐Associative Guest Chains via Post‐Blending Cross‐Linking

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