Interocular transfer of mirror image discriminations by chiasm-sectioned monkeys

Hamilton, Charles R.; Tieman, Suzannah Bliss

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(73)90181-9

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Noble ( 1966 ) reported a similar reversal in monkeys with section of the optic chiasm, so that visual input to one eye was projected only to the contralateral hemisphere and interhemispheric transfer of learning then tested through the other eye. Other studies, though, have suggested a lack of transfer rather than reversal in both cats (Berlucchi and Marzi, 1970 ) and monkeys (Noble’s, 1968 ; Hamilton and Tieman, 1973 ), although transfer of discriminations was stronger when nonmirror-image discriminations were tested. This suggests that there may be conflict between the reversed trace and the nonreversed one.…”

Section: Symmetrizationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Mirror-Image Equivalence and Interhemispheric Mirror-Image Reversal

Corballis

2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Mirror-image confusions are common, especially in children and in some cases of neurological impairment. They can be a special impediment in activities such as reading and writing directional scripts, where mirror-image patterns (such as b and d) must be distinguished. Treating mirror images as equivalent, though, can also be adaptive in the natural world, which carries no systematic left-right bias and where the same object or event can appear in opposite viewpoints. Mirror-image equivalence and confusion are natural consequences of a bilaterally symmetrical brain. In the course of learning, mirror-image equivalence may be established through a process of symmetrization, achieved through homotopic interhemispheric exchange in the formation of memory circuits. Such circuits would not distinguish between mirror images. Learning to discriminate mirror-image discriminations may depend either on existing brain asymmetries, or on extensive learning overriding the symmetrization process. The balance between mirror-image equivalence and mirror-image discrimination may nevertheless be precarious, with spontaneous confusions or reversals, such as mirror writing, sometimes appearing naturally or as a manifestation of conditions like dyslexia.

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Section: Symmetrizationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Mirror-Image Equivalence and Interhemispheric Mirror-Image Reversal

Corballis

2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…The development of the split-brain preparation (Sperry, 1961(Sperry, , 1964 and subsequent studies of interocular and interhemispheric transfer of visual discrimination learning (Bures, Buresova, & Krivanek, 1974;Christie & Russell, 1990;Doty, Ringo, & Lewine, 1988;Hamilton & Tieman, 1973;Russell & Ochs, 1963;Russell, van Hof, & Berlucchi, 1979) have yielded data concerning the mechanisms and properties of engram formation and transfer. Prerequisite to this approach are the establishment and demonstration of a lateralized memory trace.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Place navigation in rats with unilateral tetrodotoxin inactivation of the dorsal hippocampus: Place but not procedural learning can be lateralized to one hippocampus.

Fenton¹,

Bureš²

1993

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Lateralization of the Morris water maze task was examined by injecting 5 ng of tetrodotoxin (TTX) into one dorsal hippocampus (HPC) of chronically cannulated rats (n = 20). The task, acquired (A) during unilateral HPC block, was retrieved (R) during TTX blockade of the ipsi- (I) or contralateral (C) HPC. Escape latencies (in seconds) at 3 levels of acquisition and in the first 4-trial block of I or C retrieval suggest lateralization was absent after the first block (A = 49, I = 40, C = 44), partial after training to an efficient search strategy (A = 6, I = 9, C = 14), and complete after overtraining to goal-directed escape (A = 4, I = 4, C = 12), as further indicated by comparisons of A vs. R behavior and probe trials. The analyses also indicate that (a) HPC contributes to the acquisition but is unnecessary for retrieval of the procedural engram, (b) overtrained learning with one HPC or intact brain is similar, and (c) there is no left-right hemispheric specialization for place learning.

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“…This function would be of greater importance to animals with frontally placed eyes such as mon keys and the brush-tailed possum, than animals with little visual Held overlap, such as rabbits. Perhaps this is why the possum displays a high level of IOT, com parable to that described previously for monkeys [Downer, 1962;Hamilton and Tieman, 1973] and cats [Myers, 1955;Berlucchi et al, 1978], and greater than that described for rats or rabbits [Cowey and Parkinson, 1973;Van Hof and Van der Mark. 1976],…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Interocular Transfer in a Marsupial: The Brush-Tailed Possum <i>(Trichosurus vulpecula)</i>

Robinson

1982

Brain Behav Evol

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The corpus callosum has been implicated as the major commissure mediating the interhemispheric transfer of visual information in placental mammals. As marsupials lack a corpus callosum, they may be incapable of such transfer. This study was undertaken to test this hypothesis. Three brush-tailed possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) underwent midsaggital transection of the optic chiasm to ensure that retinal input was restricted to the ipsilateral side of the brain. Three other possums had sham operations to control for visual or learning impairments that might be caused by any other aspects of the surgery. All six animals were monocularly occluded, and conditioned to respond to the positive of two visual stimuli. When a criterion of ≥ 18/20 correct was attained for two consecutive blocks of 20 trials, the trained eye was occluded, and the stimuli were presented to the untrained eye. Conditioning was continued until the criterion of learning was achieved with this eye. The stimulus contingencies were then reversed, so that the previously negative stimulus became the positive one, and the conditioning procedure was repeated. Black/white and horizontal/vertical visual discriminations were used. Both the experimental and control groups exhibited high levels of interocular transfer on all tasks. It is concluded that T. vulpecula possesses a pathway capable of mediating the interhemispheric transfer of visual information.

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Interocular transfer of mirror image discriminations by chiasm-sectioned monkeys

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Mirror-Image Equivalence and Interhemispheric Mirror-Image Reversal

Mirror-Image Equivalence and Interhemispheric Mirror-Image Reversal

Place navigation in rats with unilateral tetrodotoxin inactivation of the dorsal hippocampus: Place but not procedural learning can be lateralized to one hippocampus.

Interocular Transfer in a Marsupial: The Brush-Tailed Possum <i>(Trichosurus vulpecula)</i>

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