Interocular Integration of Visual Learning by Goldfish

The costs of hemispheric specialization in a fish

“…Yet at the behavioural level lateralization often results in side biases in perception, information processing and motor output that could potentially give rise to disadvantages (Rogers 2002;Vallortigara & Rogers 2005). In particular, vertebrates with laterally positioned eyes encounter difficulties integrating information from left and right visual fields (Ingle 1968;Prior & Wilzeck 2008;Xiao & Gunturkun 2009), and one can envisage circumstances in which individuals with reduced left-right functional differences might outperform the more strongly lateralized ones.…”

“…Our findings are consistent, however, with current knowledge of the way the teleost visual system integrates the two lateral inputs. The left and right eye systems can operate quite independently, as suggested by the observation that opposite discriminations can be simultaneously established in the two eye systems (Ingle 1968). Experiments involving subjects trained monocularly to discriminate patterns have shown that interocular information transfer is slow and incomplete (McCleary 1960;Mark 1966;Ingle 1968).…”

“…The left and right eye systems can operate quite independently, as suggested by the observation that opposite discriminations can be simultaneously established in the two eye systems (Ingle 1968). Experiments involving subjects trained monocularly to discriminate patterns have shown that interocular information transfer is slow and incomplete (McCleary 1960;Mark 1966;Ingle 1968). Ingle found some interocular transfer of simple discrimination, but loss of information for more difficult discrimination (Ingle 1965).…”

Lateralization of Cognitive Functions in Fish

“…However, the results are consistent with current knowledge of the way the visual system of fish integrates the two lateral inputs. The left-and right-eye systems can operate quite independently, as shown by the fact that fish trained monocularly to discriminate between two stimuli can simultaneously learn one stimulus as positive with one eye and negative with opposite eye (Ingle 1968). In general, experiments involving subjects trained monocularly to discriminate patterns have shown that interocular information transfer is slow and incomplete (McCleary 1960;Mark 1966;Ingle 1968).…”

Interhemispheric mediation of the following response in ducklings

“…This same effect has also been reported with adult birds and with fish in visual discrimination tasks (cf. Ingle, 1968;Stettner, 1974). Why better performance is exhibited using the "trained" eye …”