Interoceptive accuracy moderates the response to a glucose load: a test of the predictive coding framework

Young, Hayley; Gaylor, Chantelle; Kerckhove, Danielle de; Watkins, Heather; Benton, David

doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.0244

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Firstly, it is unclear whether hypohydration related changes in anxiety and perceived effort are driving the associated differences in HRV and brain activity, or vice versa. Further research might consider the potential influence of individual differences in afferent baroreceptor activity and interoceptive abilities which has been shown to modulate the processing of emotional information 37,38 , and may be increased following water consumption. A factor that could limit the generalizability of the results is the small sample sizes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic adaptations mediate the effect of hydration on brain functioning and mood: Evidence from two randomized controlled trials

Young

Cousins

Johnston

et al. 2019

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Dehydration (water loss >2.0% of body weight) has significant negative effects on physical and mental performance. In two studies the effects of minor hypo-hydration (water loss <1.0% of body weight) on CNS function, mood and cardiovascular functioning were measured. Study 1: On two mornings twelve male participants were exposed to a temperature of 30 °C for four hours and either did or did not drink two 150 ml glasses of water during that time. Study 2: Fifty-six (25 M) individuals were exposed to the same 30 °C environment and randomly allocated to either drink (2 × 150 ml) or not drink. When not given water 0.59% (Study 1) and 0.55% (Study 2) bodyweight was lost. Participant’s heart rate variability (HRV) was measured, and they rated their thirst and mood. In study 1, participants participated in an fMRI protocol during which they completed a modified version of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), at the end of which they rated its difficulty. Decreases in fMRI BOLD activity in the orbito-frontal cortex, ventral cingulate gyrus, dorsal cingulate cortex, hypothalamus, amygdala, right striatum, post-central gyrus and superior parietal cortex were observed when participants were hypo-hydrated. These deactivations were associated with reduced HRV, greater perceived effort, and more anxiety. In study 2 declines in HRV were found to mediate the effect of hypo-hydration on ratings of anxiety. These data are discussed in relation to a model that describes how autonomic regulatory and interoceptive processes may contribute to the affective consequences of minor hypo-hydration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic adaptations mediate the effect of hydration on brain functioning and mood: Evidence from two randomized controlled trials

Young

Cousins

Johnston

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…In addition, it has previously been considered that only those above 0.85 on this heartbeat counting test be considered to have high IAc (H. A. Young, Gaylor, de Kerckhove, Watkins, & Benton, 2019). However, using this criterion we were able to replicate the result; those with an IAc score > 0.85 were significantly less likely to have a history of NSSI males (X 2 (1) = 4.333, p= 0.037).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Suicidal Self-injury is associated with Multidimensional Deficits in Interoception: Evidence from Three Studies

Young¹,

Davies²,

Benton³

2019

Preprint

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Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the deliberate and direct injury of one’s own body tissue without suicidal intent. As the known risk factors for NSSI predispose to a range of psychiatric disorders, there is a limited understanding of the specific individual differences that result in NSSI. Therefore, in three studies, a multidimensional approach examined the novel proposition that deficiencies in aspects of interoceptive processing represent one such individual difference. Study 1 and study 2 used principal component analysis to explore the underlying structure of the sub-scales from a variety of body awareness questionnaires. Three components emerged that were replicated across both studies; ‘interoceptive and emotional ambivalence’; ‘interoceptive awareness’; ‘interoceptive appreciation’. Study 3 extended the model examining the link between NSSI and the objective interoceptive index; ‘interoceptive accuracy’. Those with a history of NSSI were characterised by a difficulty in distinguishing and interpreting interoceptive signals and this effect was mediated by a low appreciation of these sensations. These effects were reliable across all three studies. In study 3, NSSI was also associated with lower interoceptive accuracy. These data suggest that a failure to accurately detect and conceptualise interoceptive signals may lead to a depreciation of the body, predisposing to NSSI. NSSI may serve to resolve the resulting state of emotional and interoceptive uncertainty associated with the body’s function in emotional experience. These findings offer new insight into the interoceptive processes that underlie NSSI and suggest specific pathways that could be addressed during clinical interventions.

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“…The heartbeat tracking task (HBTT) [ 58 ] was used to assess individuals' IAcc. It is one of the most widely used measures of interoception [ 59 , 60 ], is easy to administer and has good test-retest reliability [ 61 – 63 ]. It also correlates with other measures of heartbeat detection [ 64 , 65 ] and neural markers of interoception, such as heart-beat evoked potential [ 66 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using bodily postures to reduce anxiety and improve interoception: A comparison between powerful and neutral poses

et al. 2020

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Background Previous research has shown that anxiety syndromes are highly prevalent among university students. Effective treatments are needed to reduce the burden of anxiety in this population. Powerful postures have been found to impact affective states, as well as interoception (i.e. the ability to perceive inner bodily signals). However, no previous study has compared the effects of powerful- and neutral postures in regards to anxiety and interoceptive ability. Methods The first part of the study measured the single-session effect of adopting powerful- vs. neutral postures on students' (n = 57) interoceptive ability and state anxiety. The second part of the study measured the effect of adopting powerful or neutral postures twice daily for two weeks, on individuals' interoceptive ability and trait anxiety. Results State anxiety decreased in both conditions whereas interoceptive accuracy only increased in the power posing condition after a single session. Interoceptive accuracy increased in both groups after two weeks of training. Limitations The study included no comparison to a condition where individuals adopted their natural (i.e. usual) bodily posture. Conclusions Embodiment interventions that include elements of adopting an open or expansive bodily posture whilst maintaining a self-focus, can help to reduce state anxiety and improve interoceptive accuracy in student populations. Power posing does not seem to be superior to holding a neutral posture to improve interoceptive accuracy or anxiety. One reason therefore could be that both conditions include the manipulation of self-focus and a postural change that diverges from individuals' normal posture.

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Interoceptive accuracy moderates the response to a glucose load: a test of the predictive coding framework

Cited by 25 publications

References 69 publications

Autonomic adaptations mediate the effect of hydration on brain functioning and mood: Evidence from two randomized controlled trials

Autonomic adaptations mediate the effect of hydration on brain functioning and mood: Evidence from two randomized controlled trials

Non-Suicidal Self-injury is associated with Multidimensional Deficits in Interoception: Evidence from Three Studies

Using bodily postures to reduce anxiety and improve interoception: A comparison between powerful and neutral poses

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