Interocean exchange of thermocline water

Gordon, Arnold L.

doi:10.1029/jc091ic04p05037

Cited by 1,192 publications

(796 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…A substantial fraction of the total heat absorbed by the equatorial Pacific Ocean is transported via the throughflow. Gordon (1986) suggested this may be a major contributor to the heat supply feeding North Atlantic Deep Water formation which in turn is thought to be the major determinant of long-term climate variations (Manabe & Stouffer 1988, Godfrey 1996. Effects of opening and closing the Indonesian passages have been investigated with coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models (Schneider 1998) which run for the equivalent of about 100 year periods.…”

Section: Present Indonesian Throughflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present the main passage from the Pacific to Indian Oceans is through the Celebes Sea, the Makassar Straits, and then via the Lombok Straits, between the islands of Bali and Lombok, or through the Timor Sea and then via the gap between Timor and Australia. Possible driving forces (Gordon 1986, Godfrey 1996 are upwelling of deep waters in the Pacific and subsequent flow westwards, wind stresses, and atmospheric pressure gradients. There is also a significantly elevated sea level in the western Pacific Ocean compared to the Indian Ocean.…”

Section: Present Indonesian Throughflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Southeast Asia's changing palaeogeography

Hall¹

2009

blum - j plant tax and plant geog

372

482

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Geology provides the basis for understanding distributions of faunas and floras in Southeast Asia but only via a complex interplay of plate movements, palaeogeography, ocean circulation and climate. Southeast Asia grew incrementally by the addition of continental fragments, mainly rifted from Australia, and added to the margins of Sundaland as a result of subduction. Sundaland was an almost permanent land area from the beginning of the Mesozoic. The addition of the continental fragments of Southwest Borneo and later East Java -West Sulawesi formed a much larger emergent land area by the Late Cretaceous that extended from Indochina to West Sulawesi. Subduction resumed at the Sundaland margin in the Eocene and this led to widespread rifting within Sundaland, and formed one of the most important barriers at its edge, the Makassar Straits. Australia began to collide with Southeast Asia about 25 million years ago, effectively closing the former deep ocean separating the two continents, and forming the region now known as Wallacea. Collision, volcanism, and subduction-related processes have led to rise of mountains but also formed new oceans within this complex region. Plate tectonic movements and collisions were intimately linked to changing topography, bathymetry and land/sea distributions which have in turn influenced oceanic circulation and climate. As the deep-water barrier between Australia and Southeast Asia was eliminated and mountains rose, deep marine basins also formed. Eustatic changes in sea level further contributed to a complex palaeogeography. The present gateway between the Pacific and Indian Oceans is the only low latitude oceanic passage between the world's oceans, and is an important influence on local and probably global climate. The gateway is likely to have been just as significant in the past. Understanding the geology, then palaeogeography, and then their oceanic and climatic consequences are vital steps on the way to interpreting present distributions of plants and animals.

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Section: Present Indonesian Throughflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Present Indonesian Throughflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southeast Asia's changing palaeogeography

Hall¹

2009

blum - j plant tax and plant geog

372

482

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“…Fairly conventional reservoir ages of C400 and C730 years occur at 250 and 400 m depth, respectively. In the glacial SCS the 14 C-reservoir effect was possibly much larger than today (Duplessy et al, 1989;Adkins and Boyle, 1997), since the glacial SCS probably had an estuarine circulation which was fed by old West Pacific intermediate-to deep-water masses that mark the end of the global thermohaline circulation in the ocean (Gordon, 1986;L. Wang, 1992;P.…”

Section: Ams-14 C Dates and Age Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

East Asian monsoon climate during the Late Pleistocene: high-resolution sediment records from the South China Sea

et al. 1999

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Based on the study of 10 sediment cores and 40 core-top samples from the South China Sea (SCS) we obtained proxy records of past changes in East Asian monsoon climate on millennial to bidecadal time scales over the last 220,000 years. Climate proxies such as global sea level, estimates of paleotemperature, salinity, and nutrients in surface water, ventilation of deep water, paleowind strength, freshwater lids, fluvial and=or eolian sediment supply, and sediment winnowing on the sea floor were derived from planktonic and benthic stable-isotope records, the distribution of siliciclastic grain sizes, planktonic foraminifera species, and the U K 37 biomarker index. Four cores were AMS-14 C-dated. Two different regimes of monsoon circulation dominated the SCS over the last two glacial cycles, being linked to the minima and maxima of Northern Hemisphere solar insolation. (1) Glacial stages led to a stable estuarine circulation and a strong O 2 -minimum layer via a closure of the Borneo sea strait. Strong northeast monsoon and cool surface water occurred during winter, in part fed by an inflow from the north tip of Luzon. In contrast, summer temperatures were as high as during interglacials, hence the seasonality was strong. Low wetness in subtropical South China was opposed to large river input from the emerged Sunda shelf, serving as glacial refuge for tropical forest. (2) Interglacials were marked by a strong inflow of warm water via the Borneo sea strait, intense upwelling southeast of Vietnam and continental wetness in China during summer, weaker northeast monsoon and high sea-surface temperatures during winter, i.e. low seasonality. On top of the long-term variations we found millennial-to centennial-scale cold and dry, warm and humid spells during the Holocene, glacial Terminations I and II, and Stage 3. The spells were coeval with published variations in the Indian monsoon and probably, with the cold Heinrich and warm Dansgaard-Oeschger events recorded in Greenland ice cores, thus suggesting global climatic teleconnections. Holocene oscillations in the runoff from South China centered around periodicities of 775 years, ascribed to subharmonics of the 1500-year cycle in oceanic thermohaline circulation. 102=84-year cycles are tentatively assigned to the Gleissberg period of solar activity. Phase relationships among various monsoon proxies near the onset of Termination IA suggest that summer-monsoon rains and fluvial runoff from South China had already intensified right after the last glacial maximum (LGM) insolation minimum, coeval with the start of Antarctic ice melt Wang et al. / Marine Geology 156 (1999) prior to the δ 18 O signals of global sea-level rise. Vice versa, the strength of winter-monsoon winds decreased in short centennial steps only 3000-4000 years later, along with the melt of glacial ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere.

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“…These density differences are ultimately governed by heat and freshwater fluxes at the ocean surface. The present-day THC [Gordon, 1986] is characterized by deep water formation in the North Atlantic. After formation, the deep water moves southward, at a depth of 2-3 km, across the equator and joins the circumpolar current on its path to the Indian and Pacific Ocean, where it upwells and returns to the North Atlantic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic resonance in the thermohaline circulation

Vélez‐Belchí¹,

Álvarez²,

Colet³

et al. 2001

Geophysical Research Letters

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This enhanced response occurs for a wide range of frequencies, including the Milankovic orbital forcing, and amplitudes. The mechanism that allows such response of the system under small perturbations arise from a nonlinear cooperation between the periodic perturbations and the fluctuations. Through this nonlinear mechanism, called stochastic resonance, significant climatic variability may be originated due to small perturbations enhanced by environmental noise and dynamics.

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Interocean exchange of thermocline water

Cited by 1,192 publications

References 54 publications

Southeast Asia's changing palaeogeography

Southeast Asia's changing palaeogeography

East Asian monsoon climate during the Late Pleistocene: high-resolution sediment records from the South China Sea

Stochastic resonance in the thermohaline circulation

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