Interneurons of fan-shaped body promote arousal in Drosophila

Kato, Yoshiaki; Tomita, Jun; Kume, Kazuhiko

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0277918

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The strong separation between the dorsal and ventral halves may reflect their different functional roles – the ventral layers play a role in navigation, while the dorsal layers modulate arousal [33, 14, 28]. The parameter χ controls the sensitivity of the clustering to within-cluster density, so our findings show that the anatomically-defined layers are also densely connected as networks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Hierarchical Modular Structure of the Drosophila Connectome

Kunin

Guo

Bassler

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The structure of neural circuitry plays a crucial role in brain function. Previous studies of brain organization generally had to trade off between coarse descriptions at a large scale and fine descriptions on a small scale. Researchers have now reconstructed tens to hundreds of thousands of neurons at synaptic resolution, enabling investigations into the interplay between global, modular organization, and cell type-specific wiring. Analyzing data of this scale, however, presents unique challenges. To address this problem we applied novel community detection methods to analyze the synapse-level reconstruction of an adult fruit fly brain containing over 20 thousand neurons and 10 million synapses. Using a machine-learning algorithm, we find the most densely connected communities of neurons by maximizing a generalized modularity density measure. We resolve the community structure at a range of scales, from large (on the order of thousands of neurons) to small (on the order of tens of neurons). We find that the network is organized hierarchically and larger-scale communities are composed of smaller-scale structures. Our methods identify well-known features of the fly brain, including its sensory pathways. Moreover, focusing on specific brain regions, we are able to identify subnetworks with distinct connectivity types. For example, manual efforts have identified layered structures in the fan-shaped body. Our methods not only automatically recover this layered structure, but also resolve finer connectivity patterns to downstream and upstream areas. We also find a novel modular organization of the superior neuropil, with distinct clusters of upstream and downstream brain regions dividing the neuropil into several pathways. These methods show that the fine-scale, local network reconstruction made possible by modern experimental methods are sufficiently detailed to identify the organization of the brain across scales, and enable novel predictions about the structure and function of its parts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The fan-shaped body is known to have a layered structure [54, 32, 21], with different layers playing different functional roles in the brain [23, 32, 14, 28]. The exact number of reported layers in FB varies, so we compared our results to the 9 layers identified in the Hemibrain data set [45].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Modular Structure of the Drosophila Connectome

Kunin

Guo

Bassler

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The potential functions of OAMB and Octβ1R in the central complex are not known. Our data suggest that genetic strategies to knockdown or knockout OAMB and Octβ1R in the central complex could be used to dissect the mechanisms by which this structure regulates behaviors such as orientation during flight (Seelig and Jayaraman, 2013; Green et al, 2017; Turner-Evans et al, 2017; Hardcastle et al, 2021), visually-evoked learning and memory (Pan et al, 2009), taste-independent nutrient selection (Dus et al, 2013), and sleep (Liu et al, 2016; Andreani et al, 2022; Kato et al, 2022; Yan et al, 2023).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutive and conditional epitope-tagging of endogenous G protein coupled receptors inDrosophila

Bonanno,

Sanfilippo,

Eamani

et al. 2023

Preprint

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To visualize the cellular and subcellular localization of neuromodulatory G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) inDrosophila, we implement a molecular strategy recently used to add epitope tags to ionotropic receptors at their endogenous loci. Leveraging evolutionary conservation to identify sites more likely to permit insertion of a tag, we generated constitutive and conditional tagged alleles forDrosophila5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, Octβ1R, Octβ2R, two isoforms of OAMB, and mGluR. The conditional alleles allow for the restricted expression of tagged receptor in specific cell types, an option not available for any previous reagents to label these proteins. We show that 5-HT1A and 5-HT2B localize to the mushroom bodies and central complex respectively, as predicted by their roles in sleep. By contrast, the unexpected enrichment of Octβ1R in the central complex and of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A to nerve terminals in lobular columnar cells in the visual system suggest new hypotheses about their function at these sites. Using an additional tagged allele of the serotonin transporter, a marker of serotonergic tracts, we demonstrate diverse spatial relationships between postsynaptic 5-HT receptors and presynaptic 5-HT neurons, consistent with the importance of both synaptic and volume transmission. Finally, we use the conditional allele of 5-HT1A to show that it localizes to distinct sites within the mushroom bodies as both a postsynaptic receptor in Kenyon cells and a presynaptic autoreceptor.Significance StatementInDrosophila, despite remarkable advances in both connectomic and genomic studies, antibodies to many aminergic GPCRs are not available. We have overcome this obstacle using evolutionary conservation to identify loci in GPCRs amenable to epitope-tagging, and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generated eight novel lines. This method also may be applied to other GPCRs and allows cell-specific expression of the tagged locus. We have used the tagged alleles we generated to address several questions that remain poorly understood. These include the relationship between pre- and post-synaptic sites that express the same receptor, and the use of relatively distant targets by pre-synaptic release sites that may employ volume transmission as well as standard synaptic signaling.

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“… 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 In all species, including the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , circadian and homeostatic mechanisms shape the rhythmic sleep profile. In flies and other insects, specific neural circuits including those of the mushroom body (MB), 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 central complex (ellipsoid/fan-shaped bodies), 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 and others 3 regulate fly sleep, wakefulness, and homeostasis, with an important contribution of dopaminergic circuits in the control of arousal. 12 , 15 , 16 Importantly, there is conservation of sleep properties and mechanisms in flies and mammals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila noktochor regulates night sleep via a local mushroom body circuit

Draper,

Roberts,

Gailloud

et al. 2024

iScience

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Interneurons of fan-shaped body promote arousal in Drosophila

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Hierarchical Modular Structure of the Drosophila Connectome

Hierarchical Modular Structure of the Drosophila Connectome

Constitutive and conditional epitope-tagging of endogenous G protein coupled receptors inDrosophila

Drosophila noktochor regulates night sleep via a local mushroom body circuit

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