Interneurons in the basolateral amygdala

Spampanato, Jay; Polepalli, Jai S.; Sah, Pankaj

doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.11.006

Cited by 175 publications

(163 citation statements)

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“…Possibly as an outcome of impaired proliferation, this may represent a mechanism to cope with an imbalance of GABAergic transmission during ontogeny, and to maintain synchronous oscillatory activity, which has been shown to be important for fear learning and memory [94,109]. As PVspecific neurons were unaffected, other interneuron subpopulations might account for the decreased density of interneurons [110] and altered GABA concentrations [111]. However, because total cell numbers in the BLA remain unchanged, other populations such as glial cells or glutamatergic neurons within the BLA may be increased to account for unaffected total cell numbers.…”

Section: (C) Monoamine Transmitters and Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting brain serotonin synthesis: insights into neurodevelopmental disorders with long-term outcomes related to negative emotionality, aggression and antisocial behaviour

Lesch

Araragi

Waider

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

129

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Aggression, which comprises multi-faceted traits ranging from negative emotionality to antisocial behaviour, is influenced by an interaction of biological, psychological and social variables. Failure in social adjustment, aggressiveness and violence represent the most detrimental long-term outcome of neurodevelopmental disorders. With the exception of brain-specific tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph2), which generates serotonin (5-HT) in raphe neurons, the contribution of gene variation to aggression-related behaviour in genetically modified mouse models has been previously appraised (Lesch 2005 Novartis Found Symp. 268, 111 -140; Lesch & Merschdorf 2000 Behav. Sci. Law 18, 581 -604). Genetic inactivation of Tph2 function in mice led to the identification of phenotypic changes, ranging from growth retardation and late-onset obesity, to enhanced conditioned fear response, increased aggression and depression-like behaviour. This spectrum of consequences, which are amplified by stress-related epigenetic interactions, are attributable to deficient brain 5-HT synthesis during development and adulthood. Human data relating altered TPH2 function to personality traits of negative emotionality and neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in cognitive control and emotion regulation are based on genetic association and are therefore not as robust as the experimental mouse results. Mouse models in conjunction with approaches focusing on TPH2 variants in humans provide unexpected views of 5-HT's role in brain development and in disorders related to negative emotionality, aggression and antisocial behaviour.Keywords: tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH2); cognition; emotion; impulsivity; aggression; violence INTRODUCTIONNegative emotionality, aggression and antisociality are complex temperamental traits and social behaviours that arise out of multiple causes involving biological and psychological dynamisms and social forces, and different forms of emotional behaviour may each result from different biopsychosocial pathways. The societal implications of aggressiveness, which results in numerous facets of aggressive behaviour and ranges from the establishment of hierarchies and dominance to antisocial behaviour and delinquency, have been examined with preclinical and clinical frameworks.Developmentally inappropriate conduct, aggressiveness and failure in social adjustment represent the most detrimental and harmful long-term outcome of a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in cognitive control and emotion regulation.In both humans and animals, the term aggression comprises a variety of behaviours that are heterogeneous for clinical phenomenology and neurobiological features. While the impact of complex cultural variables on behaviour impedes simple extrapolation of animal phenotypes to human traits, clinical observation, experimental paradigms in the laboratory and cluster/ factor-analytic statistics have been used in attempts to subdivide aggression. On the basis of different approaches, hu...

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Section: (C) Monoamine Transmitters and Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting brain serotonin synthesis: insights into neurodevelopmental disorders with long-term outcomes related to negative emotionality, aggression and antisocial behaviour

Lesch

Araragi

Waider

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

129

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“…Different morphological, immunohistochemical, and physiological studies have showed that different cell types are distributed in the amygdaloid complex (Table 1; McDonald 1992McDonald , 1998Sah et al 2003;Spampanato et al 2011). The deep nuclei exhibit two major cell classes: excitatory (glutamatergic) pyramidal projection neurons and inhibitory (γ-aminobutyric acid [GABA]ergic) nonpyramidal interneurons.…”

Section: Major Cell Types Of the Amygdalamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pyramidal neurons have conical cell bodies and five to seven spiny primary dendrites. GABAergic interneurons are a heterogeneous population of sparsely spiny or nonspiny neurons that can be divided into distinct subpopulations on the basis of their content in calciumbinding proteins and peptides (for reviews, see McDonald 1992McDonald , 1998Sah et al 2003;Spampanato et al 2011). In the superficial nuclei, the two main cell types are pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons (McDonald 1992(McDonald , 1998Sah et al 2003).…”

Section: Major Cell Types Of the Amygdalamentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional anatomy of 5-HT2A receptors in the amygdala and hippocampal complex: relevance to memory functions

Bombardi

Giovanni

2013

Exp Brain Res

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“…A heterogeneous population of GABAergic interneurons constitutes a smaller population of cells ($20%), providing both feed-forward and feedback inhibition within the amygdala (Ehrlich et al, 2009;McDonald, 1985;Spampanato et al, 2011). Apart from local GABAergic interneurons within the BLA, clusters of small GABAergic cells, the intercalated (ITC) cell masses, also surround the BLA (Millhouse, 1986;Pinard et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prefrontal and Auditory Input to Intercalated Neurons of the Amygdala

et al. 2015

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The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) are partners in fear learning and extinction. Intercalated (ITC) cells are inhibitory neurons that surround the BLA. Lateral ITC (lITC) neurons provide feed-forward inhibition to BLA principal neurons, whereas medial ITC (mITC) neurons form an inhibitory interface between the BLA and central amygdala (CeA). Notably, infralimbic prefrontal (IL) input to mITC neurons is thought to play a key role in fear extinction. Here, using targeted optogenetic stimulation, we show that lITC neurons receive auditory input from cortical and thalamic regions. IL inputs innervate principal neurons in the BLA but not mITC neurons. These results suggest that (1) these neurons may play a more central role in fear learning as both lITCs and mITCs receive auditory input and that (2) mITC neurons cannot be driven directly by the IL, and their role in fear extinction is likely mediated via the BLA.

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Interneurons in the basolateral amygdala

Cited by 175 publications

References 113 publications

Targeting brain serotonin synthesis: insights into neurodevelopmental disorders with long-term outcomes related to negative emotionality, aggression and antisocial behaviour

Targeting brain serotonin synthesis: insights into neurodevelopmental disorders with long-term outcomes related to negative emotionality, aggression and antisocial behaviour

Functional anatomy of 5-HT2A receptors in the amygdala and hippocampal complex: relevance to memory functions

Prefrontal and Auditory Input to Intercalated Neurons of the Amygdala

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