Internet of Things (IoT) Security With Blockchain Technology: A State-of-the-Art Review

Abstract

With the rapid enhancement in the design and development of the Internet of Things creates a new research interest in the adaptation in industrial domains. It is due to the impact of distributed emerging technology and topology of industrial Internet of Things and the security-related resource constraints of industrial 5.0. This conducts new paradigm along with critical challenges to the existing information preservation, node transactions and communication, transmission, trust and privacy, and security protection related problems. These critical aspects pose serious limitations and issues for the industry to provide industrial data integrity, information exchange reliability, provenance, and trustworthiness for the overall activities and service delivery prospects. In addition, the intersection of blockchain and industrial IoT has gained more consideration and research interest. However, there is an emerging limitation between the inadequate performance of industrial IoT and connected nodes, and the high resource requirement of permissioned private blockchain ledger has not yet been tackled with the complete solution. Due to the introductions of NuCypher Re-Encryption infrastructure, hashing tree and allocation, and deployment of blockchain proof-of-work required more computational power as well. This paper is divided into three different folds; first, we studied various related literature of blockchain-enabling industrial Internet of Things and its critical implementation challenging aspects along with the solution. Secondly, we proposed a blockchain hyperledger sawtooth-enabled framework. This framework provides a secure and trusted execution environment, in which service delivery mechanisms and protocols are designed with an acknowledgment, including the immutable ledger storage security, along with the peer-topeer network on-chain and off-chain communication of industrial activities. Thirdly, we design pseudochain codes and consensus protocols to provide smooth industrial node streamline transactions and broadcast content. The proposed multiple proof-of-work investigated and simulated using Hyperledger Sawtooth-enabled docker for testing to exchange information between connected devices of industrial Internet of Things within the limited usage of resource constraints.

Smarthub for supervising system for resource exploration and pollution control in deep-water and coastal areas based on ICT technologies

“…Due to the introduction of NuCypher Re-Encryption infrastructure, hashing tree and allocation, deployment of Blockchain proof-of-work it is required more computational power as well. There are discussed possible solutions of mentioned problems in, Khan et al. (2022a, b, c).…”

“…In healthcare sphere. BIoMT: a state-of-the-art consortium server-less network architecture for healthcare system using Blockchain smart contracts is introduced, which provides security, integrity, transparency and provenance to health-related transactions and exchanges sensitive clinical information in a server-less peer-to-peer (P2P) secure network environment, Khan et al. (2022a, b, c).…”

“…A brain–computer interface (BCI) as next step of development affords real-time communication, significantly improving the quality of lifecycle, brain-to-internet (B2I) connectivity and communication between the brain and external digital devices. The system converts brain information to understandable signals for multimedia devices without physical interference and replaces human-based languages with the external environment control protocols as discussed in Khan et al. (2022a, b, c).…”

IoT Empowered Smart Cybersecurity Framework for Intrusion Detection in Internet of Drones

“…As seen in Table 1, this results in several dangers. Researchers have also tackled various cyber-attacks related to several types of UAVs in a pre-controlled environment [40, 41,42,43,44,45]. The crash of drones with numerous parallel queries and the alteration of the request packet is called the buffer-over ow attack.…”

Trading excess consumption certificates on the blockchain using the cooperative game theory

“…Sensors can gather real-time data on energy production and consumption with the combination of blockchain and IoT/CPS, and this data may be used to develop smart contracts that automatically carry out energy trading depending on specified parameters. By removing the need for middlemen and enabling peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trade, these smart contracts can lower prices and boost efficiency (Maleh et al ., 2022; Khan et al ., 2022).…”