Internet of Things for Crop Farming: A Review of Technologies and Applications

Abstract

Climate change, soil erosion, and degradation among others affect the growth and production of crops. Soil is suffering from intensive farming and unsustainable soil disturbance, leading to severe soil degradation. The Internet of Things (IoT) allows the monitoring of crucial environmental parameters such as soil nutrients, moisture, humidity, and temperature. A pre-understanding of these parameters allows agriculturists to use the optimum quantity of water and fertilizer for different types of soil. Soil fertility can be detected by using NPK sensors. The Internet of Things (IoT) brought a new face to the crop farming approach where conventional methods are automated and/or remotely controlled to improve crop farming. In this paper, a survey on IoT technologies for crop farming including sensors, communication, and network protocols in crop farming activities is considered. Additionally, applications of IoT technologies in soil management and monitoring, growth and yield estimation, and quality control mechanisms are presented.

Enhancing Animal Production through Smart Agriculture: Possibilities, Hurdles, Resolutions, and Advantages

“…Agricultural industrialization is essential in advancing livestock production farms due to its capacity to drive efficiency and scale in operations, integrate cutting-edge technology for better management, ensure standardization and quality control, stimulate economic growth through job creation and market expansion, and, when managed responsibly, address environmental impact by implementing sustainable practices. This industrial shift not only meets the increasing demand for animal products but also contributes to global food security, making it a cornerstone in the evolution and optimization of livestock farming [197][198][199][200]. The agricultural industrialization in livestock production is multifaceted, encompassing efficiency, technology, quality, economic growth, environmental responsibility, and its role in global food security and the ongoing evolution of farming practices.…”

Performance Evaluation of Deep Learning Models for Classifying Cybersecurity Attacks in IoT Networks

“…The potential applications of IoT encompass a wide and diverse range of fields, and its impact is manifested in various industries, such as tourism [6], home healthcare [7], agriculture [8,9], and finance [10], among others. As the number of devices connected to the global network continues to grow, it has raised new concerns regarding security, stemming from the vulnerabilities presented by IoT devices, such as authentication, access control, device security, and heterogeneity, among others [2,[11][12][13].…”

Flow Measurement Methods in Small Tributaries of the Teles Pires River, Southern of the Amazon Hydrological Region

“…Some of these methods are intrusive, as they depend on the direct contact of the equipment with water [6,15,16], and other methods are considered non-intrusive, such as remote sensing techniques [17,18], terrestrial images [19], and Internet of Things (IoT) technology [20][21][22][23], which do not require physical contact with the object of study (water). These non-intrusive methods have been gaining ground towards the Industrial Revolution 4.0 due to the diverse possibilities of applications in quantitative and qualitative water monitoring, soil management, and monitoring, which contribute to the adequate management and treatment of natural resources [20][21][22][23][24][25].…”