Internet of Things, Big Data, and Artificial Intelligence in The Food and Agriculture Sector

Abstract


 
 
 
 Big data often referred to as streaming data produced by the internet of things creates new options for monitoring food and agricultural processes. Along with sensors, social media big data is also playing a bigger role in the food business. The IoT, big data, and artificial intelligence are discussed in this review along with how they will impact the agri-food industry in the future. We begin with an introduction to the fields of IoT, big data, and AI before talking about how IoT and big data analysis are used in agriculture, including smart farm equipment, crop imaging using drones, and monitoring of greenhouses, food quality assessment using spectral techniques and sensor fusion, and eventually, food safety using gene sequencing and blockchain-based digital traceability. The commercial viability of applications and the outcomes of translational research are given significant consideration.
 
 
 

Digital Traceability in Agri-Food Supply Chains: A Comparative Analysis of OECD Member Countries

“…Local initiatives that the government has funded have initiated the use of blockchain technology within the agri-food sector. Albert Heijns, the biggest supermarket in the Dutch World, recently introduced blockchain technology in the orange juice supply chain [59]. This implementation allows customers to trace the journey from the farms in Brazil to how they reach the supermarkets in the Netherlands.…”

“…This implementation allows customers to trace the journey from the farms in Brazil to how they reach the supermarkets in the Netherlands. Each bottle of juice comes with a QR code, which, when scanned, showcases detailed information about its origin [59]. This falls under the category of industry-driven initiatives, which serve as voluntary practices to make the supply chain experience better.…”

“…New Zealand's agricultural industry does have a good reputation for being at the forefront of technological innovation. While the main kind of regulation in terms of certifying food products and ensuring their safety still relies on heavy paperwork, the country is moving toward digital methodologies for traceability [59]. A traceability system developed in New Zealand uses QR codes so that consumers with smartphones can easily access the history of the source or the status of the item [60].…”

“…Later, in 2008, International Business Machines (IBM) signed an agreement with Matiq, the subsidiary of Nortura, which is Norway's largest food supplier. This basically mandated the use of radio frequency identification technology to track the poultry products from the farm to the supermarket shelf [59]. By using that software, the Norwegian industry was able to comply with the GS1 electronic product code standards.…”