Internet of Things Applications in Precision Agriculture: A Review

Abstract

The goal of this paper is to review the implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system in the precision agriculture sector. Each year, farmers suffer enormous losses as a result of insect infestations and a lack of equipment to manage the farm effectively. The selected article summarises the recommended systematic equipment and approach for implementing an IoT in smart farming. This review's purpose is to identify and discuss the significant devices, cloud platforms, communication protocols, and data processing methodologies. This review highlights an updated technology for agricultural smart management by revising every area, such as crop field data and application utilization. By customizing their technology spending decisions, agriculture stakeholders can better protect the environment and increase food production in a way that meets future global demand. Last but not least, the contribution of this research is that the use of IoT in the agricultural sector helps to improve sensing and monitoring of production, including farm resource usage, animal behavior, crop growth, and food processing. Also, it provides a better understanding of the individual agricultural circumstances, such as environmental and weather conditions, the growth of weeds, pests, and diseases.

A Survey on Digital Agriculture in Five West African Countries

“…The agriculture sector is a development sector contributing to a large part of developing countries' gross domestic product (GDP). Following the statistical predictions highlighted in [1], the worldwide population will reach 8 billion by 2023 and nearly 10 billion by 2050. Therefore, the digital transformation of agriculture is unavoidable to meet food security requirements faced by worldwide countries in general and emerging countries in particular.…”

A Survey on Digital Agriculture in Five West African Countries

“…The agriculture sector is a development sector contributing to a large part of developing countries' Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Following the statistical predictions highlighted in [1], the worldwide population will reach 8 billion by 2023 and nearly 10 billion by 2050. The digital transformation of agriculture is therefore unavoidable to meet food security requirements faced by worldwide countries in general and emerging countries in particular.…”

Complementary Use of Ground-Based Proximal Sensing and Airborne/Spaceborne Remote Sensing Techniques in Precision Agriculture: A Systematic Review

“…Influences of field heterogeneity [164] [67,191] Sensor field placement [64,91,167,175,185,192] Effective sensing [91,170,175,183,[193][194][195][196] Security Data security and governance [165,166,168,182,190,192,194,[197][198][199][200][201][202] Hacking attacks [199,200,202,203] Data processing Data analysis [19,166,188,189 [175,185,186] Latency and throughput [19,166,168,184,211] Future research 5G challenges [167,171] Ground robot path planning and execution [212] Over...…”

“…Harsh environmental conditions is another factor impeding ground sensors ( [166,184]). Meteorological variables such as snow, fog, and solar radiance have an impact on both the sensor network and the planting [185]. The electrodes of low-cost sensors suffer deterioration quite quickly, and it is important to somehow ensure protection from adverse conditions [175].…”