Internet of animals: characterisation of LoRa sub‐GHz off‐body wireless channel in dairy barns

Benaissa, Said; David, Paul A.; Tanghe, Emmeric; Trogh, Jens; Martens, Luc; Vandaele, Leen; Verloock, Leen; Tuyttens, Frank; Sonck, Bart; Joseph, Wout

doi:10.1049/el.2017.1344

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, their measurement is relatively simple and can just provide a rough understanding of signal propagation in a building. In another similar work, Said et al investigate path loss and temporal fading of LoRa mote in dairy barns [28].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement, Characterization, and Modeling of LoRa Technology in Multifloor Buildings

Kim²,

Huang³

et al. 2020

IEEE Internet Things J.

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In recent years, we have witnessed the rapid development of LoRa technology, together with extensive studies trying to understand its performance in various application settings. In contrast to measurements performed in large outdoor areas, limited number of attempts have been made to understand the characterization and performance of LoRa technology in indoor environments. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of LoRa technology in multi-floor buildings. Specifically, we investigate the large-scale fading characteristic, temporal fading characteristic, coverage and energy consumption of LoRa technology in four different types of buildings. Moreover, we find that the energy consumption using different parameter settings can vary up to 145 times. These results indicate the importance of parameter selection and enabling LoRa adaptive data rate feature in energy-limited applications. We hope the results in this paper can help both academia and industry understand the performance of LoRa technology in multi-floor buildings to facilitate developing practical indoor applications.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement, Characterization, and Modeling of LoRa Technology in Multifloor Buildings

Kim²,

Huang³

et al. 2020

IEEE Internet Things J.

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“…LoRa is a sub-GHz technology and it has many application areas, authors [26] aim to analyze fading and path loss of the technology for smart animal tracking.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on LoRaWAN Architecture, Protocol and Technologies

et al. 2019

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Internet of Things (IoT) expansion led the market to find alternative communication technologies since existing protocols are insufficient in terms of coverage, energy consumption to fit IoT needs. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) emerged as an alternative cost-effective communication technology for the IoT market. LoRaWAN is an open LPWAN standard developed by LoRa Alliance and has key features i.e., low energy consumption, long-range communication, builtin security, GPS-free positioning. In this paper, we will introduce LoRaWAN technology, the state of art studies in the literature and provide open opportunities. Several LPWANs emerged on both licensed and unlicensed bands, LoRaWAN, Sigfox and, NB-IoT are widely deployed vital technologies [3].Sigfox is an ultra-narrow band network that is patented and operated by Sigfox. Sigfox occupies 100 Hz and operates at 433MHz, 868MHz and 915MHz frequencies depending on the geographical regions. Technology has strict constraints on the number of packets (140 per day) and the packet size (12 bytes) to be sent. Also, LoRaWAN has similar policies to prevent network congestion allowing channels to be available only %1 duty-cycle for EU 868MHz (See Section 2.4.7). NB-IoT is an ultra-narrow band technology developed by the 3GPP group which can be adopted on GSM and LTE networks. It occupies 200 MHz bandwidth and can reach up to 200 kbps data transmission speed. Compared to LoRaWAN, Sigfox and NB-IoT operated by global network operators which limit deployments of the private networks [4].An overview comparison of the three networks is shown in Table 1. When LPWAN characteristics are considered LoRaWAN becomes a strong candidate for both scientific and industrial uses cases.LoRa referrer to Long Range and a physical layer technology patented by Semtech [5].LoRaWAN is an open protocol proposed by the LoRa Alliance which enables the MAC layer for the network [6].In this study, we will introduce the technological aspects of LoRaWAN and the state of art studies fulfilled about LoRaWAN till today. LoRaWAN protocol was first released in 2015 and had a few minor revisions, the differences in the protocol has been highlighted in the relevant subsection. In the survey, we will introduce LoRaWAN in depth both technological aspects and the use cases of its different areas. We categorized literature studies as in Figure 1. Studies are classified as two main sections; network technology and the applications, each section has own sub-branches. The majority of the work is focused on the coverage tests and applicability of the technology for different fields from large scale smart city applications to personal tracking assets. However, there are still gaps in the literature where researchers can address these problems such as post-disaster communication, decentralized networks, network management, and Adaptive Data Rate.

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“…Several benefits of IoT in agriculture, their challenges and how data analytics combined with IoT is implemented in agriculture have been discussed [41]. There are many areas in which the workers were going on in agriculture and many literature survey have been done such as in crop production and livestock [42] [43], water management and weather condition [44][45] [46], monitoring of soil condition, disease control [47][48] [49] and some work literature work were focused on precision agriculture [50]. Many works can be done in agriculture to make farmer benefit with better decision making and productivity.…”

Section: Smart Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art Prototypes and Future Propensity Stem on Internet of Things

Srivastava¹,

Mishra²

2019

IJRTE

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We all are living in the era of the internet that too up to the next level where each and everything has been connected to the internet. IoT has become much more popular these days with the advancement of technology and connecting physical world with the virtual world making the life of individual’s and organization easier. Recently IoT becomes more popular in the research area where many research articles have been published and reviewed. Its capacity to get associated with everything whether it's human, object, innovation, things, and so forth drawn numerous chances of advancement and extension in future. The way the technology has been evolved recently in every field we see rapid changes in the products, services, things that we are using in our daily life. IoT is platform that has becoming popular due to its simplified technology which benefits the individual’s as well as organization and end-users. Today’s IoT has given many opportunities to make easier life, effective communications and stay connected to our close and society by enabling many technologies but there are some issues which are the major concern of IoT and these issues must be resolved so that IoT can be used as revolutionary technology in future. This paper focuses on state-of–the-art porotypes on IoT, basic prerequisite in the IoT, role of big data in IoT. Enabling technologies, technology used in various applications such as smart city, agriculture, health-care, lifesaving, smart parking, urban planning. We also explore the applications of IoT and its future propensity, its architecture and comparison of IoT with H2M and M2M.

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Internet of animals: characterisation of LoRa sub‐GHz off‐body wireless channel in dairy barns

Cited by 49 publications

References 4 publications

Measurement, Characterization, and Modeling of LoRa Technology in Multifloor Buildings

Measurement, Characterization, and Modeling of LoRa Technology in Multifloor Buildings

A Survey on LoRaWAN Architecture, Protocol and Technologies

State-of-the-art Prototypes and Future Propensity Stem on Internet of Things

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