Esta es la versi贸n de autor del art铆culo publicado en:This is an author produced version of a paper published in: El acceso a la versi贸n del editor puede requerir la suscripci贸n del recurso Access to the published version may require subscription Do multinationals standardise or localise? The cross-cultural dimensionality of product-based Web sites Okazaki, Shintaro
AbstractDespite the growing use of the Internet as an effective marketing channel, there is a lack of comprehensive research regarding multinational corporations' (MNCs') Web sites for multiple cultures. In this paper, Japanese MNCs' product-based Web sites were contentanalysed, comparing the Web sites created by the same firms in domestic and external markets. In total, 150 product-based Web sites were chosen from the Japanese, Spanish and US market samples. Three explanatory variables (information content, cultural values and creative strategies) were examined on the basis of cultural dimensions and contexts.The results revealed that Japanese MNCs are likely to localise their Web sites to meet the target market culture through tailoring content and creative strategies, but also that online product presentations do not reflect target-market values. In closing, implications and future research directions are discussed.
KeywordsCulture (sociology), Internet, Marketing communications, Multinational companies,
Standardization
IntroductionThe Internet has become a standard medium for international marketers. Worldwide, there are 426 million Internet users (Pastore, 200Ia) and it is estimated that there will be 1 billion by 2005 (Iconocast, 2001). An Angus Reid Group study in 34 countries reports that nearly 120 million users have already made a purchase or transaction online. Recent research suggests a consumer-purchasing channel shift, away from catalogues and toward online shopping. According to the catalogue industry's Trend Report, in the USA "catalogue dollar sales for the 12-month period ending June 2001 dropped 5.7 per cent from the previous 12-month period" (Pastore, 200Ib).As consumers move online, so do multinationals. The astronomical growth in e-commerce has changed the way multinational corporations (MNCs) present themselves, sell and communicate with consumers. Product-based Web sites are an increasingly important advertising form. They are used by more and more consumers to find information for learning about, selecting and purchasing a particular product or service (Roberts and Ko, 2001). This phenomenon is accelerated by banner ads, which are placed on high-traffic Web sites, and transfer the consumer directly to the company's or brand's target sites (Doe et al., 2001).Theoretically, Web sites are accessible to anybody anywhere; thus, one would expect a high level of standardisation across countries (Laroche et al., 2001). It is argued, however, that the appropriateness of marketing standardisation depends on cultural, economic and competitive factors as well as on headquarters' control over subsidiaries (Hamilton and Kashlak, 1999; Sh...