International wood trade and forest change: A global analysis

Kastner, Thomas; Erb, Karl‐Heinz; Nonhebel, Sanderine

doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.05.003

Cited by 132 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Roundwood can be broadly split into fuelwood (FAO code 1629), charcoal (FAO code 1630), and industrial roundwood (FAO code 1865). Since fuelwood and charcoal are primarily for domestic uses, and often in the informal economy (Kastner et al, 2011a;FAO, 2012c), we only include industrial roundwood in our analysis.…”

Section: Forestry Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We compare three methods of allocation using the GTAP-MRIO with the results of Kastner et al (2011a) and Ciais et al (2008) in Fig. 11.…”

Section: Comparisons With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, when there is international trade between regions, it is possible to adjust the territorial-based emission inventories to obtain consumption-based inventories by adding the emissions associated with imports and subtracting the emissions associated with exports (Munksgaard and Pedersen, 2001;Peters, 2008;Peters and Hertwich, 2008a;Peters et al, 2009). While most research on consumption-based emission inventories has focused on CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion (Peters and Hertwich, 2008b;Hertwich and Peters, 2009;Davis and Caldeira, 2010;Davis et al, 2011;Peters et al, 2011b), international trade is also important in accounting for emissions from land use (Hubacek and Giljum, 2003), forestry (Mayer et al, 2005;Kastner et al, 2011a), biomass more generally (Krausmann et al, 2008;Erb et al, 2009), and constructing regional carbon budgets (Ciais et al, , 2008…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A synthesis of carbon in international trade

2012

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Abstract. In a globalised world, the transfer of carbon between regions, either physically or embodied in production, represents a substantial fraction of global carbon emissions. The resulting emission transfers are important for balancing regional carbon budgets and for understanding the drivers of emissions. In this paper we synthesise current understanding in two parts: (1) CO 2 emissions embodied in goods and services that are produced in one country but consumed in others, and (2) carbon physically present in fossil fuels, petroleum-derived products, harvested wood products, crops, and livestock products. We describe the key differences between studies and provide a consistent set of estimates using the same definitions, modelling framework, and consistent data. We find the largest trade flows of carbon in international trade in 2004 were fossil fuels (2673 MtC, 37 % of global emissions), CO 2 embodied in traded goods and services (1661 MtC, 22 % of global emissions), crops (522 MtC, 31 % of total harvested crop carbon), petroleum-based products (183 MtC, 50 % of their total production), harvested wood products (149 MtC, 40 % of total roundwood extraction), and livestock products (28 MtC, 22 % of total livestock carbon). We find that for embodied CO 2 emissions, estimates from independent studies are robust, and that differences between individual studies are not a reflection of the uncertainty in consumption-based estimates, but rather these differences result from the use of different production-based emissions input data and different definitions for allocating emissions to international trade. After adjusting for these issues, results across independent studies converge to give less uncertainty than previously assumed. For physical carbon flows there are relatively few studies to be synthesised, but differences between existing studies are due to the method of allocating to international trade, with some studies using "apparent consumption" as opposed to "final consumption". While results across studies are sufficiently robust to be used in further applications, more research is needed to understand differences and to harmonise definitions for particular applications.

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Section: Forestry Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We compare three methods of allocation using the GTAP-MRIO with the results of Kastner et al (2011a) and Ciais et al (2008) in Fig. 11.…”

Section: Comparisons With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A synthesis of carbon in international trade

2012

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“…However, distant interactions such as trade, transnational land deals, spread of invasive species, and technology transfer are now more prevalent, and occur more quickly, than ever before (Liu et al 2007a; Appendix 1). For instance, many subsistence needs, e.g., food such as grain and fish and water resources, historically met by local resource uses are now being met by increased global trade (Kastner et al 2011, Konar et al 2011). In the past several decades, the world's total food exports have increased tenfold (United Nations Statistics Division 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framing Sustainability in a Telecoupled World

Liu¹,

Hull²,

Batistella³

et al. 2013

E&S

790

585

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ABSTRACT. Interactions between distant places are increasingly widespread and influential, often leading to unexpected outcomes with profound implications for sustainability. Numerous sustainability studies have been conducted within a particular place with little attention to the impacts of distant interactions on sustainability in multiple places. Although distant forces have been studied, they are usually treated as exogenous variables and feedbacks have rarely been considered. To understand and integrate various distant interactions better, we propose an integrated framework based on telecoupling, an umbrella concept that refers to socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances. The concept of telecoupling is a logical extension of research on coupled human and natural systems, in which interactions occur within particular geographic locations. The telecoupling framework contains five major interrelated components, i.e., coupled human and natural systems, flows, agents, causes, and effects. We illustrate the framework using two examples of distant interactions associated with trade of agricultural commodities and invasive species, highlight the implications of the framework, and discuss research needs and approaches to move research on telecouplings forward. The framework can help to analyze system components and their interrelationships, identify research gaps, detect hidden costs and untapped benefits, provide a useful means to incorporate feedbacks as well as trade-offs and synergies across multiple systems (sending, receiving, and spillover systems), and improve the understanding of distant interactions and the effectiveness of policies for socioeconomic and environmental sustainability from local to global levels.

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“…http://www.resci.cn 至 15% [9] 条重要的经验路径 [14] 。Lambin 等作出进一步扩展，总结出五种森林转型路径：森林稀缺路径、国家森林政策路径、经济发展路径、土地利用集约化路径和全球化路径 [15] 。其中，森林稀缺路径认为林产品或森林生态服务的稀缺会提高林产品价格，从而激励政府或私人部门实施有效的造林计划，促进森林资源增长 [14,16] [17][18][19] ；经济发展路径关注经济增长和城市化水平的提高对森林资源恢复的影响 [10][11][12] ；土地利用集约化路径关注耕地的生产效率以及耕地与林业用地间相互转化关系 [20][21][22] 。在上述路径中，森林转型的全球化路径是当前学术界研究的前沿问题。现有研究主要关注农林产品贸易及相关 "溢出效应" [23][24][25] ，侨汇经济增长 [26] ，国外移民 [27， 28] ，以及国际旅游发展 [29] 等因素对森林转型的影响。在全球化的影响下，人口流动目的地从本国城市扩展到国外经济发达地区，追求高收入的劳动力可从国外汇款到农村地区，从而减少生计对当地森林等自然资源的压力 [30] 。在塞尔瓦多，收到汇款的家庭砍伐相对较少的森林 [11] 。全球旅游业的发展则有助于生态保护理念的传播 [31] 。 "溢出效应"…”

Section: 李凌超等：中国劳动力转移对森林转型的影响unclassified