International water and steam quality standards for thermal power station drum-type and waste heat recovery boilers with the treatment of boiler water with phosphates and NaOH

Analysis of ionic equilibria by water treatment stage and calculation of monitored parameters

“…, where 𝐵 𝐼𝐼degree of carbon dioxide sorption on a strongly basic anionite [11]. In the decarboniser, free carbon dioxide is removed from the treated water, resulting in a shift of reactions ( 2) -(4) (Eq.…”

“…At the outlet, the concentration of each sorbet ion is characterized by residual concentrations, and the concentration of the ion leaving the ion exchanger is equal to (Eq. 11): 𝐶 𝐸𝑋 = 𝐶 𝐸𝑁 + ∑ (𝐶 𝐸𝑁,𝑖 − 𝐶 𝐸𝑋,𝑖 ) 𝑖 (11) where 𝐶 𝐸𝑁,𝑖 , 𝐶 𝐸𝑋,𝑖input and output concentrations of the 𝑖-th sorbed ion, respectively, 𝑚𝑔 − 𝑒𝑘𝑣 𝑑𝑚 3 ⁄ . With weak electrolyte ions, things are much more complicated.…”

“…Based on the ion-exchange-load calculation of ion-exchangers, a characteristic such as the degree of utilization of the exchange capacity per filter cycle can be obtained, which is the basis for determining the first activated filter for a given initial data. The calculation of the change in the performance of the treatment stages in the operating and depletion modes allows the selection of the operating range of the automatic chemical control system and provides the basis for the design of the automatic chemical control system as part of the automatic water treatment plant control system [4,5,6]. The measurement by stage of the water quality metrics for the assembled water treatment plant scheme makes it possible to decide the final quality of the treated water, allowing a determination to be made as to whether the measured scheme is capable of delivering the water of the appropriate quality.…”