“…Burt and Carr, 2011;Russel and Dickie, 2007), their personal development (e.g. Fee and Gray, 2011;Hudson and Inkson, 2006) and their effectiveness, as well as the challenges of being abroad (Curling and Simmons, 2010;Laleman et al, 2007;Schech, 2017;Selmer and Fenner, 2009;Zhu and Purnell, 2006). Other studies focus on expatriate characteristics and work contexts and highlight expatriates' high intrinsic motivation, expectations, boundaryless career aspirations and protean career attitudes (Andresen et al, 2014;Barrett et al, 2017;Crowley-Henry, 2007;Fee, 2017;Hall, 2004;Siljanen, 2007;Zhu and Purnell, 2006).…”