International veterinary canine dyskinesia task force <scp>ECVN</scp> consensus statement: Terminology and classification

Cerdá-González, Sofía; Packer, Rebecca A.; Garosi, Laurent; Lowrie, Mark; Mandigers, Paul J. J.; O’Brien, Dennis P.; Volk, Holger A.

doi:10.1111/jvim.16108

Cited by 32 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The main reason for pseudo-resistance in epileptic dogs is poor owner compliance in medical treatment of their pets ( 123 , 124 ). Another reason may be that the dog is not epileptic but rather has a paroxysmal dyskinesia disorder ( 125 ), which, without EEG and knowledge about clinical differences, can be falsely diagnosed as epilepsy ( 126 ).…”

Section: Treatment Of Epilepsy In Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dogs as a Natural Animal Model of Epilepsy

Löscher

2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Epilepsy is a common neurological disease in both humans and domestic dogs, making dogs an ideal translational model of epilepsy. In both species, epilepsy is a complex brain disease characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate spontaneous recurrent epileptic seizures. Furthermore, as in humans, status epilepticus is one of the more common neurological emergencies in dogs with epilepsy. In both species, epilepsy is not a single disease but a group of disorders characterized by a broad array of clinical signs, age of onset, and underlying causes. Brain imaging suggests that the limbic system, including the hippocampus and cingulate gyrus, is often affected in canine epilepsy, which could explain the high incidence of comorbid behavioral problems such as anxiety and cognitive alterations. Resistance to antiseizure medications is a significant problem in both canine and human epilepsy, so dogs can be used to study mechanisms of drug resistance and develop novel therapeutic strategies to benefit both species. Importantly, dogs are large enough to accommodate intracranial EEG and responsive neurostimulation devices designed for humans. Studies in epileptic dogs with such devices have reported ictal and interictal events that are remarkably similar to those occurring in human epilepsy. Continuous (24/7) EEG recordings in a select group of epileptic dogs for >1 year have provided a rich dataset of unprecedented length for studying seizure periodicities and developing new methods for seizure forecasting. The data presented in this review substantiate that canine epilepsy is an excellent translational model for several facets of epilepsy research. Furthermore, several techniques of inducing seizures in laboratory dogs are discussed as related to therapeutic advances. Importantly, the development of vagus nerve stimulation as a novel therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy in people was based on a series of studies in dogs with induced seizures. Dogs with naturally occurring or induced seizures provide excellent large-animal models to bridge the translational gap between rodents and humans in the development of novel therapies. Furthermore, because the dog is not only a preclinical species for human medicine but also a potential patient and pet, research on this species serves both veterinary and human medicine.

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Section: Treatment Of Epilepsy In Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dogs as a Natural Animal Model of Epilepsy

Löscher

2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…were used to characterise the episodes further. [2][3][4] Videos of the episodes were obtained. These videos were consistent with an appearance of episodes of generalised muscle contraction, worse in the proximal muscles with vermicular undulation of the skin indicative of myokymia.…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromyotonia, myokymia and spinocerebellar ataxia in two Patterdale terrier littermates

Smith

Liebel

2022

Vet Record Case Reports

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Two Patterdale terrier siblings presented with a progressive history of a spinocerebellar ataxia present from 15 weeks of age. Both dogs had daily episodes of myokymia affecting all four limbs. The female dog had a history of three neuromyotonic attacks and was euthanased due to extreme hyperthermia during one attack. Both were homozygous for the genetic mutation of the KCNJ10 gene, which was previously reported in the Jack Russell terrier. This case highlights the clinical reasoning of abnormal gaits and abnormal episodes. This is the first report of this mutation in the Patterdale terrier.

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“…The clinical question for all dogs undergoing video-EEG was whether the abnormal behavioral events observed in these dogs are epileptic seizures. This is an important and not trivial question because, for instance, canine paroxysmal dyskinesias may be misdiagnosed as seizures without EEG ( 34 ). In the study of James et al ( 32 ), EEG analysis achieved/excluded a diagnosis of epilepsy in 58 dogs (72%); 25 dogs confirmed with epilepsy based on recording ictal or interictal epileptiform discharges, and 33 dogs with no EEG abnormalities associated with their target events.…”

Section: Subscalp Devices For Long-term Eeg Recordingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel subscalp and intracranial devices to wirelessly record and analyze continuous EEG in unsedated, behaving dogs in their natural environments: A new paradigm in canine epilepsy research

Löscher

Worrell

2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Epilepsy is characterized by unprovoked, recurrent seizures and is a common neurologic disorder in dogs and humans. Roughly 1/3 of canines and humans with epilepsy prove to be drug-resistant and continue to have sporadic seizures despite taking daily anti-seizure medications. The optimization of pharmacologic therapy is often limited by inaccurate seizure diaries and medication side effects. Electroencephalography (EEG) has long been a cornerstone of diagnosis and classification in human epilepsy, but because of several technical challenges has played a smaller clinical role in canine epilepsy. The interictal (between seizures) and ictal (seizure) EEG recorded from the epileptic mammalian brain shows characteristic electrophysiologic biomarkers that are very useful for clinical management. A fundamental engineering gap for both humans and canines with epilepsy has been the challenge of obtaining continuous long-term EEG in the patients' natural environment. We are now on the cusp of a revolution where continuous long-term EEG from behaving canines and humans will be available to guide clinicians in the diagnosis and optimal treatment of their patients. Here we review some of the devices that have recently emerged for obtaining long-term EEG in ambulatory subjects living in their natural environments.

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International veterinary canine dyskinesia task force ECVN consensus statement: Terminology and classification

Cited by 32 publications

References 75 publications

Dogs as a Natural Animal Model of Epilepsy

Dogs as a Natural Animal Model of Epilepsy

Neuromyotonia, myokymia and spinocerebellar ataxia in two Patterdale terrier littermates

Novel subscalp and intracranial devices to wirelessly record and analyze continuous EEG in unsedated, behaving dogs in their natural environments: A new paradigm in canine epilepsy research

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