International Union of Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification. XXXVIII. Update on Terms and Symbols in Quantitative Pharmacology

Plant tumour biocontrol agent employs a tRNA-dependent mechanism to inhibit leucyl-tRNA synthetase

“…Our experiments were performed þ / À tRNA Leu and by varying the [TM84]. The resulting dose-response data were analysed as detailed previously 28 and showed a greater than 4 orders of magnitude increase in the inhibition of the amino-acid activation reaction with tRNA Leu compared to that without tRNA Leu (IC 50 TM84 ¼ 425 mM and IC 50 TM84 Á tRNA ¼ 0.7±0.1 nM; see Fig. 2b).…”

Epididymal contraction and sperm parameters are affected by clonidine

“…This profile is quite similar to those previously reported for tissues presenting mixed populations of a 1 -and a 2 -adrenoceptors and could indicate that clonidine might induce contraction of distal cauda epididymis by activation of both adrenoceptors (MacLennan et al, 1997;Dantas da Silva Junior et al, 2014). The consecutive contractions of distal cauda epididymis induced by clonidine led to diminished responses (desensitization, as previously defined by Neubig et al, 2003) as reflected by the decreased values of pD 2 and E max with repeated exposures. On the other hand, repeated contractile responses induced by cumulative concentration-response curves for the other adrenergic agonists presented reproducible effects ( Fig.…”

“…Moreover, the concentration ratio [CR: EC 50 b/EC 50 a; (b) the ratio between EC 50 of the agonist in the presence of antagonist or after clonidine pre-treatment and (a) EC 50 of the agonist in the absence of antagonist] was calculated (Neubig et al, 2003). The potency of each antagonist (pA 2 ) was determined through Schild regression analysis (Arunlakshana & Schild, 1959).…”

Insights into the definition of terms in European medical device regulation

“…The term pharmacology, as of today, in most text books describes both the mechanism of action and the effect of substances (medicinal products) on living organisms [8,9]. So defined it is an expansive science encompassing areas of interest relevant to many other disciplines.…”

“…The mechanism of action is usually considered to include an identification of the specific molecular targets to which a pharmacologically active substance binds or whose biochemical action it influences; a general recognition of the broad biochemical pathways (such as DNA synthesis, protein synthesis, metabolic pathways), which are affected (inhibited or promoted) by a substance is termed its 'mode of actiogn' [8,9]. The concept of 'mode of drug action' is important to distinguish between actions of medicinal products and their effects.…”