International Trafficking in Stolen Vehicles

Vehicle Crime, CPTED, and Offending under the Influence: A Qualitative Investigation of Offender Perceptions

“…Participants stated that they could usually guess the demographics of the area based on the appearance of the built environment around where motor vehicles were situated. The exception to this preference for less affluent areas was when a high-value vehicle needed to be stolen to order (see Clarke and Brown 2003). In this case, vehicle security was perceived to be less of a deterrence because offenders disclosed going equipped with technology, that they had been supplied with, to gain access to vehicles.…”

“…Whereas for some offenders, vehicle offences were related to acting on impulse (Copes and Cherbonneau 2006), for others, the theft of a vehicle was part of an organised process that required certain types of vehicle to be stolen in particular areas. This was found to be the case by Clarke and Brown (2003), who documented how there are certain types of vehicle that are stolen to order, often because it can be lucrative to transport them across international borders and to sell them. Offenders who suffered from addiction were described as ideal candidates to commit thefts because they were regarded as being more desperate than the average offender (see Bennett and Holloway 2010) and would be less likely to question the risk, primarily of being apprehended by the police, of offending (see the first findings section).…”

“…After the motor vehicle had been moved to a safe place and had its identity changed (see Clarke and Brown 2003), the risk of identification by law enforcement was deemed to be lowered, and this was the point when criminals (like Alex) further up the supply chain became involved in this criminal process. Pro-social design might not be the instigator of whether a vehicle offence occurs but rather the directions of criminal peers who offer payments if the requested vehicle is, at the appropriate time, left in a safe place (Clarke and Brown 2003) for processing by a criminal network. Instructions from other criminals, and a perceived efficiency of the 'black box' (Alex), provide the offender with the impetus to commit an offence, and it is up to the dependent offender to choose their target.…”

A Brief Review of the Institutional Impact of Political-Criminal Alliances: In Search of a Suitable Theoretical Framework

“…Network theory and its applications in the eld of illicit networks have been of interest to scholars in the areas of international studies, terrorism, and security (Brams, Mutlu, & Ramírez, 2006;Kinsella, 2006;Krebs, 2002;Montgomery, 2005Montgomery, , 2008Sageman, 2004). In addition, criminologists have considered the signicance of using network analysis to provide recommendations for disrupting criminal networks (Bunker & Sullivan, 1998;Clarke & Brown, 2003;Coles, 2001;Eck & Gersh, 2000;Sarnecki, 2001). By denition, a network is a collection of nodes interconnected by links.…”

The application of the framework of Situational Crime Prevention to ‘organized crime’

“…What cannot be expected from this discussion is a consistent framework for the situational prevention of 'organized crime'. The underlying phenomena that need to be considered are simply too diverse and distinct so that it would be impossible to comply with the imperative of situational prevention to be crime specific (Cornish & Clarke, 1986;Clarke & Brown, 2003). This paper is divided into three main parts.…”