International trade and investment: still the foundation for tackling nutrition related non-communicable diseases in the era of Trump?

Walls, Helen; Smith, Richard; Cuevas, Soledad; Hanefeld, Johanna

doi:10.1136/bmj.l2217

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, it has recently been noted that, though international politics and changes to global trading relationships pose unpredictability, trade is unlikely to contract and its impact on food systems, malnutrition and climate change will remain critical to analyse 21 . Deepening our understanding of this current friction in trade policy can enable public-interest actors to strategically engage and achieve better outcomes for nutrition, climate change and food systems 83 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a limited literature of systematic reviews and analyses of specific trade agreements identify various ways in which trade liberalization can affect food systems [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] . Three key pathways emerge from this literature: trade in raw or finished food commodities; increased foreign investment in domestic production, manufacturing and distribution of foods; and influence on regulatory policy space.…”

Section: Implications Of Trade Liberalization For Food Systems Malnumentioning

confidence: 99%

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The nexus between international trade, food systems, malnutrition and climate change

2020

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F ood systems, which are at the heart of pressing societal challenges including malnutrition and climate change, are heavily influenced by trade-related changes to domestic policy and product environments-in both positive and negative ways. This interaction between trade, malnutrition and climate change has been amplified in the last decades by the shift towards industrial food systems, with global supply chains owned and operated by large or transnational agribusinesses, manufacturers, retailers and food service chains 1 . If global malnutrition and climate change are to be addressed, it is vital to understand their link with trade agreements and how these can be improved to support a nutritious, equitable and environmentally sustainable food system. While there is a growing body of evidence related to trade, food systems and malnutrition, what remains absent from the literature is an examination of the current understanding of the ways in which the technical and political aspects of trade agreements interact with food systems to affect malnutrition and climate change. Here, we review the literature connecting trade and food systems to show how major technical and political aspects of such relationships may affect malnutrition and climate change ( Fig. 1). We aim to elucidate how the technicalities of trade, through different types of agreements and provisions, sit alongside the political economy of trade policy. In doing so, we also highlight the opportunities and challenges of creating nutrition-and climate-sensitive trade policy.The Review starts with an overview of the global food trade regime and the technicalities of how trade agreements interact with policies aimed at improving malnutrition and climate change. It then focuses on the political and policy processes surrounding trade agreements that can enable or constrain attention to malnutrition and climate change. Global and national policy windows for connecting trade, nutrition and climate change mitigation are highlighted at the end, as well as how public interest actors must work to ensure policy coherence towards those goals. The global trade regimeEstablished in 1995, the World Trade Organization (WTO) governs the multilateral trade rules among its 164 member countries 2 and presides over 24 multilateral trade agreements. These agreements cover a wide range of binding obligations on issues including trade in services (General Agreement on Trades in Services; GATS), Trade-Related aspects of Intellectual Property rights (TRIPS), Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), agriculture (the Agreement on Agriculture; AOA) and a dispute settlement system 3 .Through these trade agreements, member states are required to open their markets, including agri-food markets, by reducing tariffs and non-tariff barriers to imports, reducing subsidies for exports and reducing domestic agricultural support. WTO rules promote the global integration of markets and provide a favourable operating environment for the private sector. These liberalization policies and agreements hav...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications Of Trade Liberalization For Food Systems Malnumentioning

confidence: 99%

The nexus between international trade, food systems, malnutrition and climate change

2020

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“…59 However, despite the huge impact of NCDs, a similar response is not readily forthcoming. 28,60 Broadening the framing of health security to include NCDs has been suggested. 58 Intersectoral partnerships across government, industry, and professional and civil societies may help to effectively address these challenges and reduce the NCD burden in LMICs.…”

Section: Need For Intersectoral Partnershipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Systemic Solutions for Addressing Non-Communicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries</p>

Ganju¹,

Goulart²,

Majumdar³

et al. 2020

JMDH

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Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have been on the rise in low-and middleincome countries (LMICs) over the last few decades and represent a significant healthcare concern. Over 85% of "premature" deaths worldwide due to NCDs occur in the LMICs. NCDs are an economic burden on these countries, increasing their healthcare expenditure. However, targeting NCDs in LMICs is challenging due to evolving health systems and an emphasis on acute illness. The major issues include limitations with universal health coverage, regulations, funding, distribution and availability of the healthcare workforce, and availability of health data. Experts from across the health sector in LMICs formed a Think Tank to understand and examine the issues, and to offer potential opportunities that may address the rising burden of NCDs in these countries. This review presents the evidence and posits pragmatic solutions to combat NCDs.

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“…This is largely driven by trade and investment policy, which influences food systems at global, regional and national levels, shaping aspects of food environments such as food availability, prices, quality, and food-security and nutrition outcomes. 235 Broadly speaking, trade is good for food security. By moving food from surplus to deficit countries, trade can ensure the availability and variety of food, and promote access and stable prices.…”

Section: Making the Most Of Trade For Food Security And Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic production as a prospect for the development of the agricultural sector of the economy

Pasemko¹,

Baga²

2019

KNAU-ES

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International trade and investment: still the foundation for tackling nutrition related non-communicable diseases in the era of Trump?

Abstract: Trade and investment policy strongly influence diet, nutrition, and risk of non-communicable disease—but what does this mean in the context of recent global political developments?

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

The nexus between international trade, food systems, malnutrition and climate change

The nexus between international trade, food systems, malnutrition and climate change

<p>Systemic Solutions for Addressing Non-Communicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries</p>

Organic production as a prospect for the development of the agricultural sector of the economy

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