International study of the prevalence and factors associated with insomnia in the general population

Aernout, E.; Benradia, Imane; Hazo, Jean-Baptiste; Sy, Aminata; Askevis-Leherpeux, Françoise; Sebbane, Déborah; Roelandt, Jean‐Luc

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.03.028

Cited by 72 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Female gender [ 7 , 8 ], older adults who are divorced, separated or widowed [ 7 ], and those with lower levels of education and/or income, smoking, alcohol use, and reduced physical activity [ 7 , 9 ] are factors associated with higher rates of insomnia in older adults. Clinical conditions such as physical illness [ 10 ], depression [ 11 , 12 ], and some primary sleep disorders like obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and restless leg syndrome (RLS) are also associated with or are comorbid with insomnia in various populations and clinical settings [ 2 , 13 , 14 ]. Nevertheless, the effects of insomnia on lifestyle and sleep behavior in older adults are not well established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with insomnia in older adult outpatients vary by gender: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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Background Insomnia is a common sleep disturbance in older adults and is associated with many poor health outcomes. This study aimed to explore factors associated with insomnia in older adult outpatient clinics, and to further analyze the influence of gender on factors associated with insomnia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital in Southern Taiwan from July to September 2018. A total of 400 consecutive subjects aged 60 years or older were recruited. Insomnia was defined as a score of ≥6 points on the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Socio-demographics, health behaviors and clinical data were collected by face-to-face interview. Multivariable logistic regression was adopted for statistical analysis of the entire sample and stratified by gender. Results Participants’ mean age was 74.74 ± 8.54 years, and the majority (93%) had more than one chronic disease. The prevalence of insomnia accounted for 30% (120/400) of all subjects, with males 22.9% (46/201) and females 37.2% (74/199). Gender, appetite, exercise, depressive symptoms, and sleep-related conditions such as short sleep duration, sleeping pills usage, medium-high risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and restless leg syndrome (RLS) were factors associated with insomnia in older adults. Exercise, sleeping pills usage, and RLS were independently associated with insomnia only in men, while appetite and medium-high risk of OSA were associated with insomnia in women only. In addition, after further adjusting for covariates, prevalence of the insomnia-related symptoms such as sleep induction, total sleep duration, sleep quality and sleepiness during the day was significantly higher in females than in males. Conclusions Insomnia symptoms are highly prevalent among older adults, predominantly females. Significant differences are found between genders in factors associated with insomnia and insomnia-related symptoms. Understanding gender differences may help clinicians to modify associated factors when managing older adults with insomnia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with insomnia in older adult outpatients vary by gender: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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“…In our study, we found an important prevalence of insomnia (65.4%) in relatively young workers (40.4 years on average). This estimate is higher than that observed in other clinical or demographic settings [11,12]. In a study enrolling about 60 thousand subjects selected from the general population in 13 countries around the world, prevalence of insomnia was 11.3% [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…This estimate is higher than that observed in other clinical or demographic settings [11,12]. In a study enrolling about 60 thousand subjects selected from the general population in 13 countries around the world, prevalence of insomnia was 11.3% [11]. A variable frequency of diagnosed insomnia, ranging from 5% to 48%, has been reported elsewhere [13][14][15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In fact, general population surveys include heterogeneous subjects with different risk factors at baseline. For example, in the international survey of Aernout et al, more than 11,000 patients were classified as “retired from work” and, curiously, this category showed a statistically significant protection from insomnia [ 11 ]. In our study, all the nurses enrolled were active workers and this can, at least in part, explain the higher frequency of insomnia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insomnia Prevalence among Italian Night-Shift Nurses

et al. 2021

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Background. Insomnia is one of the major health problems related with a decrease in quality of life (QOL) and also in poor functioning in night-shift nurses, that also may negatively affect patients’ care. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of insomnia in night shift nurses. This observational online web-based survey using Google®® modules specifically aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for insomnia among Italian nurses. Methods. Data collection for this study lasted one month, with the questionnaire available from 1 March 2021 to 1 April 2021. Continuous variables were considered as either mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range (IQR) based on their distribution. Comparison among insomnia categories was assessed by one-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test according to variable distribution. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square test. Results. A total of 2355 responses were included in the final analysis, with 917 from the Northern zone, 815 from the Western zone, and 623 from the Southern zone of Italy. The prevalence of insomnia in the overall population was 65.4% (1524 out 2355 nurses suffered from insomnia). Conclusions. Nursing is a high-pressure profession, with heavy duties and high professional risks. We found an important prevalence of insomnia in night shift nurses, and we hope it may help to solicit further studies aimed to identify the risk factors for this working disorder among nurses.

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“…According to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition), difficulty in initiating sleep, difficulty in maintaining sleep, and frequent awakenings or problems returning to sleep after awakenings were described as major symptoms of insomnia [ 1 ]. The prevalence of insomnia is reported to be 2.3% to 25.5% in international studies [ 2 ]. However, the 1-year incidence rate of simple insomnia symptoms is 30.7% [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding insomnia as systemic disease

Yun

2021

Yeungnam Univ J Med

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Sleep plays a critical role in homeostasis of the body and mind. Insomnia is a disease that causes disturbances in the initiation and maintenance of sleep. Insomnia is known to affect not only the sleep process itself but also an individual’s cognitive function and emotional regulation during the daytime. It increases the risk of various neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, anxiety disorder, and dementia. Although it might appear that insomnia only affects the nervous system, it is also a systemic disease that affects several aspects of the body, such as the cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems; therefore, it increases the risk of various diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and infection. Insomnia has a wide range of effects on our bodies because sleep is a complex and active process. However, a high proportion of patients with insomnia do not seek treatment, which results in high direct and indirect costs. This is attributed to the disregard of many of the negative effects of insomnia. Therefore, we expect that understanding insomnia as a systemic disease will provide an opportunity to understand the condition better and help prevent secondary impairment due to insomnia.

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International study of the prevalence and factors associated with insomnia in the general population

Cited by 72 publications

References 30 publications

Factors associated with insomnia in older adult outpatients vary by gender: a cross-sectional study

Factors associated with insomnia in older adult outpatients vary by gender: a cross-sectional study

Insomnia Prevalence among Italian Night-Shift Nurses

Understanding insomnia as systemic disease

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