International Study of Childhood Glaucoma

Papadopoulos, Maria; Vanner, Elizabeth A.; Mithra, Arijit; Pillai, Manju; Upadhyaya, Swati; Venkataraman, Ganesh; Chang, Ta Chen; Grajewski, Alana L.; Hodapp, Elizabeth; Sung, Velota; Geyer, Orna; Wolf, Alvit; Mitchell, Ellen M. H.; Nischal, Ken K.; Freedman, Sharon F.; Beck, Allen D.; Giangiacomo, Annette; Coleman, Anne L.; Khan, Arif O.; Mandal, Anil K.; Senthil, Sirisha; Brookes, John; Khaw, PT; Chua, Jocelyn; Ho, Ching Lin; Brandt, James D.; Essuman, Vera Adobea; Areaux, Raymond G.; Bitrian, Elena; Grehn, Franz; Klink, Thomas; Joos, Karen M.

doi:10.1016/j.ogla.2019.12.007

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This nding is consistent with other reports in developing countries [16,17,24]. In centers in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, and Israel, angle surgery alone was the rst line, according to a report by Papadopoulos et al [19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Childhood glaucoma profile in a Southwestern Ethiopia tertiary care center: a retrospective study

Mulugeta

Gebremichael

Adugna

2023

Preprint

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Background Childhood glaucoma is a major cause of childhood blindness worldwide. The profile of childhood glaucoma has not been well characterized in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, this study was designed to describe demographics, clinical features, and managements of childhood glaucoma. Methods This retrospective study included glaucoma patients below 18 years old who were diagnosed between September 2019 to August 2022. Childhood glaucoma diagnosis and classification was made as per the Childhood Glaucoma Research Network Classification (CGRN). The extracted patient data included were the following: age at presentation, sex, family history of childhood-onset glaucoma, consanguinity, type of glaucoma, laterality, examination findings (visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP) at the baseline and final visits), and the treatment modalities instituted (types and number of medications and surgeries). Results A total of 105 children (181 eyes) were diagnosed with glaucoma. The most common type of childhood glaucoma was primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) constituting 42%, followed by glaucoma suspect 22.1% and juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) 15.5%. While the most common type of secondary glaucoma was steroid-induced glaucoma, followed by glaucoma following cataract surgery. Bilateral glaucoma was found in 72.4% of children. In both primary and secondary glaucoma, boys were affected more than girls, in ratio of 2:1 and 2.7:1, respectively. The mean age at presentation for patients with PCG was 2.7 years. Close to 93.4% of PCG eyes were managed surgically, of which majority underwent combined trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy (CTT). Most of secondary glaucoma cases were treated medically. Overall, 85.3% of eyes had successful control of IOP ≤ 21 mmHg. Conclusion PCG was the most common type of childhood glaucoma. One of a well-recognized challenge in developing countries, late presentation of patients with PCG, was also observed in our study. Which highlights, the need of improvement on access to eye-care service and the importance of awareness creation in the general population. While steroid-induced glaucoma was the most common type of secondary glaucoma; appropriate measures should be taken to prevent this preventable glaucoma. In addition, this study encourages the establishment of prospective studies and surgical trials in this field.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Childhood glaucoma profile in a Southwestern Ethiopia tertiary care center: a retrospective study

Mulugeta

Gebremichael

Adugna

2023

Preprint

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“…The definition was used to provide comparable results to the previous article by Magnusson et al This differs from the current definition of childhood glaucoma, with criteria IOP >21 mmHg, optic disc cupping, corneal findings, progressive refractive shift abnormal when compared to normal growth and visual field defects (Weinreb et al, 2013). Treatment for paediatric glaucoma was always surgical, as it is considered the traditional approach (Papadopoulos et al, 2020). For juvenile or adult glaucoma, the initial treatment was most commonly topical medication.…”

Section: Et Hod Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Late‐onset glaucoma following congenital cataract surgery: Occurrence, visual acuity and risk factors: A 37‐year longitudinal follow‐up

Belitsky

Magnusson

Nyström

et al. 2022

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of late‐onset glaucoma after surgery for congenital cataract in a cohort with long‐term follow‐up and to evaluate visual development following the diagnosis of postoperative glaucoma in comparison with no glaucoma development. Methods All children born between 1980 and 1997 in the western counties of Sweden who had undergone congenital cataract surgery were included (patients n = 77, eyes n = 122). Cataract was considered congenital if there was no proof of clear lens at birth. Medical records were reviewed with regard to onset of glaucoma, age at surgery, surgical technique, coexisting eye anomalies and changes in visual acuity. Glaucoma was considered late onset if occurring after 1 year following surgery. Results Total glaucoma prevalence was 14.8%, including late (10.7%) and early onset (4.1%), with a mean follow‐up of 23.2 ± 6.6 years. Microphthalmos was a significant risk factor for developing glaucoma (RR 7.75, p < 0.001). Bilaterally treated eyes had a mean visual acuity of 0.43 ± 0.33 (decimal value) at the last follow‐up. With glaucoma, mean visual acuity was 0.19 ± 0.17 (decimal value). Treated eyes of patients with unilateral cataract surgery had a lower visual acuity. Conclusions Life‐long follow‐up of all patients who have undergone surgery for congenital cataract in childhood is recommended. Annual check‐ups of adults, including measurements of IOP and visual acuity, are recommended for patients with microphthalmos and/or who had surgery <3 months of age.

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“…Due to a lack of data, an accurate estimate of the global prevalence or incidence of childhood glaucoma cannot be determined. Ethnicity and consanguinity are believed to influence rates of glaucoma [ 22 ], further complicating the global approximation of cases. Glaucoma accounts for 0–7% of pediatric blindness depending on the region [ 23 , 24 ], and it is estimated that one in 10,000 babies in the United States is born with PCG [ 25 ], and that a general ophthalmologist may encounter one new case of PCG every five years [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of childhood glaucoma on psychosocial functioning and quality of life: a review of the literature

McLaughlin

Semrov

Munshi

et al. 2023

Eye

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We present a novel comprehensive literature review of studies of the psychosocial functioning (PF) and quality of life (QoL) of patients with childhood glaucoma and their caregivers. Our findings demonstrate variable study quality and approach, as well as inconsistent results relating to the association of glaucoma-specific factors and sociodemographic variables with measured PF and QoL. Future studies should focus on the development of culturally cognizant and standardized assessment tools, execution of multi-center longitudinal studies with global representation, evaluation of PF and QoL among siblings and childhood glaucoma providers, and implementation of interventions to improve patient and caregiver PF and QoL.

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International Study of Childhood Glaucoma

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Childhood glaucoma profile in a Southwestern Ethiopia tertiary care center: a retrospective study

Childhood glaucoma profile in a Southwestern Ethiopia tertiary care center: a retrospective study

Late‐onset glaucoma following congenital cataract surgery: Occurrence, visual acuity and risk factors: A 37‐year longitudinal follow‐up

The impact of childhood glaucoma on psychosocial functioning and quality of life: a review of the literature

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