“…This knowledge, and the process of reciprocal learning between reindeer and herders, are the subjects of this review. In writing I have drawn on my own experience with northern Scandinavian tundra reindeer and their Saami herders, and on the field studies of biologists and ethologists, in particular Skogland (1985Skogland ( , 1988 and Thomson (1975), writing on wild reindeer of southern Norway, Pruitt (1959Pruitt ( , 1960, Lent (1965) and Speiss (1979) on North American barren-ground caribou, Skjenneberg andSlagsvold (1968, English translation 1979) and Skuncke (1969Skuncke ( ,1973 on wild and pastoral reindeer in Scandinavia, Naumov and Baskin (1969) on Tungus reindeer herding in the USSR, and Espmark (1964a andb, 1971a and b) on tundra and forest deer of Sweden.…”