International out-migration from Gujarat, India: the magnitude, process and consequences

The triptych migration-inward FDI-inequality in South Asian countries: How much do governance and institutions matter?

“…Remittances have indeed contributed to reducing poverty and inequality in South Asia; they are also regarded as a business-creating force and thus appear to have an important unemployment-reducing effect in the region (Bhagat, Das, Prasad, & Roy, 2017;Bhagat, Keshri, & Ali, 2013;Oommen, 2016;Sanket & Çaglar, 2010). It is also worth noting that inequality can be alleviated by households' investment in the human capital of their children using remittances, as well as by directing transfers from remittance-receiving households to non-recipient households through entrepreneurial and investment activities (Yang & Martinez, 2006).…”

Emigration, remittances and emerging family structure: findings from a household survey in eight selected villages in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

“…There was also a steady flow of emigration to the Gulf in the 1970s in the wake of the oil boom. However, the nature of emigration to Gulf countries is different from the emigration to other developed countries as the majority of the emigrants to Gulf countries are either unskilled or semiskilled and go as contract workers (Bhagat et al, 2016;Kumar & Irudaya Rajan, 2014). There has been also an increase in unskilled and semi-skilled labour emigration from the states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar (Kumar & Irudaya Rajan, 2014) Remittances play a significant role in the socio-economic condition of migrant's households in India.…”

Migration, Diversity and Development in the Villages in Murshidabad District, West Bengal

“…These labourers are unskilled and semi-skilled. Out-migration has become the shortcut to better their lives, similarly found in Latin America (Yarnall & Price, 2010), Asia (Bhagat et al, 2017; Rajan, 2004; Zachariah et al, 2002), Africa and other parts of the world.…”

“…Several studies have been carried out on international migration from the state of Kerala (Moses & Rajan, 2012;Rajan, 2004;Rajan et al, 2020;Zachariah et al, 2002), Tamil Nadu (Guilmoto, 1993;Heller & Kaushik, 2020;Raj et al, 2017), Gujarat (Bhagat et al, 2017;Dhak & Shah, 2011), Goa (Devi, 2020;Goa Migration Survey, 2008) and Punjab (Kaur, 2018;Oberai & Singh, 1980). Labour outmigration from West Bengal to other countries has not been discussed and studied well.…”