International normative data for paediatric foot posture assessment: a cross-sectional investigation

Gijón-Noguerón, Gabriel; Nova, Alfonso Martínez; Alfageme-García, Pilar; Montes-Alguacil, Jesús; Evans, Angela

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023341

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The foot of healthy, typically developing children is flexible and flat, and therefore different from the adult population [ 1 , 2 ]. The symptomatic flexible juvenile flatfoot is of particular importance to orthopedics and foot surgeons due to its high occurrence and variable treatment strategies [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it possible to define reference values for radiographic parameters evaluating juvenile flatfoot deformity? A case-control study

Hämel

Hörterer

Harrasser

2020

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background Numerous radiographic parameters are described to evaluate juvenile flexible flatfeet. Reference values for these measurements are based on few studies. The purpose of this study was to determine boundary values among the most widely used radiographic measurements to evaluate juvenile flatfeet. Methods Twenty-two patients with normal hind-, midfoot configuration (group A: control group; 22 ft, mean age: 12,1 years) and 19 patients with flatfoot deformity (group B: study group; 22 ft, mean age: 12,4 years) were retrospectively analyzed. Nine radiographic parameters were measured (Talocalcaneal-angles, Calcaneal-pitch-angle, Costa-Bartani-angle, Talo-metatarsal-I-angles, Talo-first-metatarsal-base-angle, Talo-navicular-coverage, Calcaneus-fifth-metatarsal-angle). ROC curve analysis was used to calculate optimal differentiating thresholds of each parameter. Results Four out of nine parameters (TC-dp, TC-lat, Calc-MTV, Calc-P) were not statistically different between the groups and their ability to distinct between normal foot and flatfoot was low (AUC values = 0,660 - 0,819). Calculation of reference values for these parameters was not performed due to threshold ranges between the groups of > 10°. Reference values could be defined only for three parameters: TMTInd >(−)31°, TMTIB >(−)7,5°, TMT-lat > (−)13,5°. The TMTInd was shown to be a very reliable and valid combination of two measurements (TMTIB and TMT-lat) in the differentiation of normal feet and flatfeet (AUC = 0,998). Conclusion The calculation of reference values for established radiographic parameters used to evaluate juvenile flatfeet is difficult for most parameters. The TMTInd as a combination of TMTIB and TMT-lat has been shown to be reliable and valuable to distinct normal feet from flatfeet.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it possible to define reference values for radiographic parameters evaluating juvenile flatfoot deformity? A case-control study

Hämel

Hörterer

Harrasser

2020

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…To preserve data independence, and in view of the strong correlation observed in previous studies between FPI scores for left and right feet [20], although both were measured, for further statistical analysis only one foot (the left, chosen at random) was included in the statistical analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of childhood overweight and obesity on foot and lower limb pain in a population of primary school children

et al. 2020

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Introduction: In childhood, juvenile obesity affects the functional characteristics of the lower limb, predisposing children to pain, discomfort and musculoskeletal comorbidities. This cross-sectional descriptive study analyses the relationship between childhood overweight/obesity and foot/lower limb pain in a population of primary school children. Material and methods: The study population consisted of 150 children aged 9-12 years recruited at a primary school in Malaga (Spain). None had pathologic feet. Anthropometric and demographic data were compiled by questionnaire and by personal interview. Among other variables, the foot posture index was calculated and knee alignment was measured. In the statistical analysis, the dependent variables considered were foot and lower limb pain, and the predictor variables were age, sex, body mass index, sports activity, foot posture index and knee alignment. A descriptive analysis of these variables was performed, together with an association analysis (using the c 2 test) and a multivariate analysis (using binary logistic regression). Results: In the study sample, 47.3% were girls, 15.3% were overweight and 12.7% obese. The overall prevalence of foot pain was 10.7% and that of lower limb pain, 27.3%. Of the study variables analyzed, the only ones significantly related to both foot pain and lower limb pain were overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are the main factors related to pain in the feet and lower limbs in primary school children.

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“…The FPI was assessed with the children in a relaxed stance on a bench that was 50 cm tall. The same protocol that has been reported in other studies [ 6 , 49 , 50 , 51 ] was used. The FPI reflects the multisegmental nature of the posture of the foot in all three planes and does not require the use of specialized equipment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Backpacks Effect on Foot Posture in Schoolchildren with a Neutral Foot Posture: A Three-Year Prospective Study

Alfageme-García

Calderón‐García

Nova

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: There is a paucity of data on the relationship between backpack use and foot posture in children. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a backpack on foot posture in children with neutral foot posture during three years of follow-up. Methods: A prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted in a sample of 627 children with neutral foot. For each participant included in the study, age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, type of schoolbag (backpack or non-backpack), foot shape, metatarsal formula and type of shoes were recorded. Foot posture was described by the mean of the foot posture index (FPI) and reassessed after three years in a follow-up study. Results: The average age of the children was 8.32 ± 1.32 years. A total of 458 used a backpack when going to school. Over the three-year follow-up period, 50 children who had neutral foot developed supinated foot (n = 18) or pronated foot (n = 32). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the children using a backpack were at a higher risk of developing pronated foot (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 2.05, 95% IC: 1.08–3.89, p = 0.028). Backpack use was not associated with the change from neutral foot to supinated foot. Conclusions: We found a positive association between using a backpack and the risk of developing pronated but not supinated foot. Clinical trials should be conducted to analyze the effect of backpack use on the foot among schoolchildren.

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International normative data for paediatric foot posture assessment: a cross-sectional investigation

Cited by 31 publications

References 38 publications

Is it possible to define reference values for radiographic parameters evaluating juvenile flatfoot deformity? A case-control study

Is it possible to define reference values for radiographic parameters evaluating juvenile flatfoot deformity? A case-control study

Influence of childhood overweight and obesity on foot and lower limb pain in a population of primary school children

Backpacks Effect on Foot Posture in Schoolchildren with a Neutral Foot Posture: A Three-Year Prospective Study

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