International inequalities in per capita CO2 emissions: A decomposition methodology by Kaya factors

Duro, Juan Antonio; Padilla, Emilio

doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2005.12.004

Cited by 232 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…1 While addressing inequality at the scale of the nation-state has obvious and immediate ramifications for international climate change negotiations, from an analytical standpoint it fails to address the issue of inequality within the world's largest CO 2 emitting countries. Because of the large size of the world's largest CO 2 emitting countries, variation within these countries have the potential to have a large impact on total global carbon inequality (Duro and Padilla, 2006;Groot, 2010), and understanding the internal dynamics of carbon inequality within these countries has the potential to add significantly to our understanding of total global inequality in CO 2 emissions. As many of these countries continue to develop, internal dynamics of carbon inequality have the potential to shape future energy policies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon inequality at the sub-national scale: A case study of provincial-level inequality in CO2 emissions in China 1997–2007

et al. 2011

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon inequality at the sub-national scale: A case study of provincial-level inequality in CO2 emissions in China 1997–2007

et al. 2011

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“…According to Formulas (2)- (4), the initial six indicator's data in Table 2 is standardized. And the weight of six indicators are determined by the entropy method according to the Formulas (5) and (6). Then CO 2 influence factor can be obtained, as shown in Table 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the indicator's analysis method, Hedenus et al [5] proposed Atkinson indicators to measure the inequity of per capita emission among countries. Duro et al [6] stressed the Theil indicators to explain the unfairness of per capita emissions, largely due to the inequality of per capita income. Heil et al [7,8] combined Gini coefficients to measure the unfair emissions per capita in different countries.…”

Section: Factor Analysis Of Carbon Emission Difference Among Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional-Level Allocation of CO2 Emission Permits in China: Evidence from the Boltzmann Distribution Method

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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To achieve the commitment of carbon emission reduction in 2030 at the climate conference in Paris, it is an important task for China to decompose the carbon emission target among regions. In this paper, entropy maximization is brought to inter-provincial carbon emissions allocation via the Boltzmann distribution method, which provides guidelines for allocating carbon emissions permits among provinces. The research is mainly divided into three parts: (1) We develop the CO 2 influence factor, including per capita GDP, per capita carbon emissions, carbon emission intensity and carbon emissions of per unit industrial added value; the proportion of the second industry; and the urbanization rate, to optimize the Boltzmann distribution model. (2) The probability of carbon emission reduction allocation in each province was calculated by the Boltzmann distribution model, and then the absolute emission reduction target was allocated among different provinces. (3) Comparing the distribution results with the actual carbon emission data in 2015, we then put forward the targeted development strategies for different provinces. Finally, suggestions were provided for CO 2 emission permits allocation to optimize the national carbon emissions trading market in China.

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“…For practical purposes, then, a significant variation of the within-group component could lead to inconsistent patterns between inequality measures and the Z-K measure. 2 An essential aspect, for analytical purposes, is that the between-group inequality component can in turn be decomposed by multiplicative factors, as with the Kaya identity (1989), according to the methodology proposed by Duro and Padilla (2006), and the same procedure can also be performed in the within-groups component, given that it is simply a weighted average of the inequality indices. Therefore, as Duro (2010) noted, we can evaluate the sources of change in the value of the Z-K index by decomposing its group components.…”

Section: Methodological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kaya identity (1989) enables us to decompose emissions per capita into three factors: carbon emissions per unit of energy consumed, energy intensity, and GDP per capita. The methodology proposed by Duro and Padilla (2006) makes it possible to decompose the value of the Theil index of inequality in emissions per capita into the inequality attributable to the three Kaya factors plus two interaction terms. We applied this methodology to decompose the between-group inequality.…”

Section: Exogenous Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Country Polarisation in CO2 Emissions Per Capita in the European Union: Changes and Explanatory Factors

Duro

Padilla

2012

Environ Resource Econ

Self Cite

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In this study, we analyse the degree of polarisation-a concept fundamentally different from that of inequality-in the international distribution of CO 2 emissions per capita in the European Union. It is analytically relevant to examine the degree of instability inherent to a distribution and, in the analysed case, the likelihood that the distribution and its evolution will increase or decrease the chances of reaching an agreement. Two approaches were used to measure polarisation: the endogenous approach, in which countries are grouped according to their similarity in terms of emissions, and the exogenous approach, in which countries are grouped geographically. Our findings indicate a clear decrease in polarisation since the mid-1990s, which can essentially be explained by the fact that the different groups of countries have converged (i.e. antagonism among the CO 2 emitters has decreased) as the contribution of energy intensity to between-group differences has decreased. This lower degree of polarisation in CO 2 distribution suggests a situation more conducive to the possibility of reaching EU-wide agreements on the mitigation of CO 2 emissions.

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International inequalities in per capita CO2 emissions: A decomposition methodology by Kaya factors

Cited by 232 publications

References 35 publications

Carbon inequality at the sub-national scale: A case study of provincial-level inequality in CO2 emissions in China 1997–2007

Carbon inequality at the sub-national scale: A case study of provincial-level inequality in CO2 emissions in China 1997–2007

Regional-Level Allocation of CO2 Emission Permits in China: Evidence from the Boltzmann Distribution Method

Cross-Country Polarisation in CO2 Emissions Per Capita in the European Union: Changes and Explanatory Factors

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