International geochemical mapping — a review

A regional geochemical survey of soils in Jiangsu Province, China: Preliminary assessment of soil fertility and soil contamination

“…Since that time, a large number of different types of regional geochemical surveys have been conducted in many countries, including China, and their results have been reported by geochemists. These studies also discuss the basic principles and methodology for studying the ecological environment through regional geochemical surveys (Darnley, 1995;Koval et al, 1995;Burenkov et al, 1996;Burenkov et al, 1999;Lombard et al, 1999;Rapant et al, 1999;Zhang and Zhang, 2001;Xie and Zhou, 2001;Zhao, 2002;Reimann et al, 2003). These studies have shown that regional geochemical surveys can play an important role in assessing environmental quality and in studying the effects Fig.…”

Distribution and Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels Using Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index in Lake Edku Sediments, Egypt

“…It represents the natural heavy metal content (background) in samples without human or urban influences in an idealized situation [22]. (c) According to [28], 'geochemical baselines' are concentrations of substances characterizing variability in the geochemistry of [29]. (e) Geochemical baseline refers to the prevailing variation in the concentration of an element in the surficial environment [30].…”

“…This gives rise to the concept of geochemical baseline, defined as the level of trace elements in soils that are not under the direct influence of humans. Therefore, the geochemical baseline would be the sum of the geochemical background plus a small quantity due to diffuse contamination [28,30,32,33].…”

Reprint of “China geochemical baselines: Sampling methodology”

“…Table 1 lists the sampling media used by global-to continental-scale geochemical baseline mapping projects. Approximately 22% of the world's land surface has been covered by these global-scale geochemical projects since the implementation of IGCP Project 259 'International Geochemical Mapping ' (1988-1992) and IGCP Project 360 'Global Geochemical Baselines ' (1993-1997) (Darnley, 1990(Darnley, , 1995(Darnley, , 1997Darnley and Garrett, 1998;Smith et al, 2012b). Fig.…”