International Forum: 1

Coste, J.; Reesink, H. W.; Engelfriet, C. P.; Laperche, Syria; Brown, Stewart M.; Busch, Michael P.; Cuijpers, H. T. M.; Elgin, R.; Ekermo, Bengt; Epstein, Jay S.; Flesland, Øystein; Heier, Hans Erik; Henn, Guilherme Alves de Lima; Hernández, José Manuel González; Hewlett, Indira; Hyland, Catherine A.; Keller, A. J.; Krusius, Tom; Levičnik‐Stezina, S.; Levy, Guy J.; Lin, Che-Kit; Margaritis, Angelo R.; Muylle, L.; Neiderhauser, C.; Pastila, S.; Pillonel, Josiane; Pineau, Joëlle; Poel, C.L. van der; Politis, C.; Roth, W. Kurt; Sauleda, Sílvia; Seed, Clive R.; Sondag-Thull, D; Stramer, Susan L.; Strong, Michael J.; Vamvakas, Eleftherios C.; Velati, Claudio; Vesga, Miguel Ángel; Zanetti, Alessandro

doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00636_1.x

Cited by 107 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These data correlate well with data from several other European countries and the USA [6]. According to international studies, the estimated residual risk for HBV between 1996 and 2003 is significantly higher than for HCV and HIV.…”

Section: Incidence / Residual Risksupporting

confidence: 76%

Transfusion Medicine in Switzerland

Levy

Byland

Niederhauser

et al. 2006

Transfus Med Hemother

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Swiss transfusion medicine currently encompasses 13 Regional Blood Transfusion Services (RBTS) under the Blood Transfusion Service of the Swiss Red Cross Ltd (BTS SRC) which is responsible for quality standards, logistics, and reference activities in immunohaematology and testing for infectious diseases, as well as haematological divisions of several university hospitals. Switzerland covers currently its own needs of labile blood components. According to the law, blood components are drugs and must comply with the actual legal requirements. Furthermore, the BTS SRC has published mandatory guidelines for all RBTS to ensure the standardisation of used methods. Haemovigilance is in charge of Swissmedic and covers all aspects of transfusion medicine, from donor selection to blood transfusion. Measures for preventing immunological and non-immunological risks as well as transfusion-transmitted diseases are also implemented at all stages of the process. The last preventive measures are universal pre-storage leucocyte depletion (in 1999), exclusion from blood donation of individuals who stayed longer than 6 months in the UK (in 2002) or have previously been transfused (in 2004). Mandatory screening of blood donations includes anti-HIV 1/2, HIV NAT, anti-HCV, HCV NAT, HBsAg, anti-Treponema pallidum and alaninaminotransferase. In the last years the calculated residual risk for transfusion-transmitted HIV or HCV was approximately 1:2-3 million and for HBV approximately 1: 200,000-300,000. Future challenges are the maintenance of self-sufficiency, the sustained recruitment of dedicated staff and the rising costs.

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Section: Incidence / Residual Risksupporting

confidence: 76%

Transfusion Medicine in Switzerland

Levy

Byland

Niederhauser

et al. 2006

Transfus Med Hemother

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“…It is unclear whether the patients acquired HCV through the window-period of blood transfusion or through other transmission routes. With the improvement of public health education [32] and the initiation of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) [42] in Taiwan, it is anticipated that the seroprevalence of HCV infection among the population will further decrease in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and clinical characteristics of viral hepatitis in transfusion-dependent thalassemia and hemophilia patients

et al. 2017

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Background/AimsTransfusion dependent subjects are at a great risk of viral hepatitis infection. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among transfusion-dependent patients in Taiwan.MethodsA total of 140 patients (67 thalassemic patients, 70 hemophilic patients, two patients with hereditary spherocytosis and one patient with von Willebrand disease) were prospectively enrolled to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with viral hepatitis and spontaneous HCV clearance. All patients were tested for HBV and HCV serology and virology. Two consecutive serum samples, at least 1 year apart, were collected to clarify HCV seroclearance.ResultsThe seropositivity rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV antibody (anti-HCV), and both HBsAg/anti-HCV were 6.4%, 45.7% and 5%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with anti-HCV seropositivity included age (odds ratio/95% confidence interval [OR/CI]: 1.12/1.07–1.18, P<0.001), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR/CI: 1.04/1.02–1.06, P<0.001) and platelet counts (OR/CI: 0.995/0.991–0.998, P = 0.002). Age was the only factor independently associated with HBsAg seropositivity (OR/CI: 1.08/1.02–1.14.4, P = 0.007). Compared to patients born before 1992, the seroprevalence of HCV among thalassemic patients decreased dramatically in those born after 1992 (46.0% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.012). The seroprevalence of HCV among hemophilic patients also decreased significantly when comparing patients born before 1987 to those born after 1987 (79.5% vs. 11.5%, p<0.001). Similarly, the seroprevalence of HBV decreased significantly in the post-vaccination cohort compared to its counterpart (13.1%, vs. 1.3%, p = 0.005). The spontaneous clearance of HCV was observed in 25.4% (15/59) of patients, and ALT was the only factor associated with it (OR/CI 0.98/0.96–1.00, P = 0.02).ConclusionsBoth HBV and HCV infections are prevalent among transfusion-dependent thalassemic and hemophilic patients in Taiwan. Nevertheless, seroprevalence decreased significantly and dramatically for HCV after universal blood screening and for HBV after implementation of a universal mass vaccination program.

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“…Therefore, even when HCV screening test is performed the risk of becoming infected is still visible. This however makes it necessary to add new molecular tests such as the determination of HCV RNA by nucleic acid technology (HCV-NAT) to the already performed tests in blood donation which should be coupled with meticulous professional assessment to the effectiveness of such tests [68]. …”

Section: Factors Associated With Transmission Of Hepatitis C Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C Virus in Arab World: A State of Concern

Daw

Dau

2012

The Scientific World Journal

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Hepatitis C virus has been considered to be one of the most important devastating causes of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatic cellular carcinoma. The prevalence of such virus varies greatly over the world. Arab world has a unique geography and consists over nineteen countries who share the same heritage and customs and do speak the same language. In this area, the epidemiology of hepatitis C is not well understandable. Hepatitis C virus was found to be endemic in Arabia. The serostatus of such virus was found to be variable among these countries with uniform patterns of genotypes. Such prevalence varies tremendously according to the risk factors involved. Blood and blood products, haemodialysis, intravenous, and percutaneous drug users, and occupational, habitual, and social behavior were found to be the important factors involved. Hepatitis C will have major social, economic, and even political burdens on such young and dynamic societies. Thus, strategies and clear policy of intervention are urgently needed to combat the consequences of HCV both regionally and at state level of each country.

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International Forum: 1

Cited by 107 publications

References 8 publications

Transfusion Medicine in Switzerland

Transfusion Medicine in Switzerland

Seroprevalence and clinical characteristics of viral hepatitis in transfusion-dependent thalassemia and hemophilia patients

Hepatitis C Virus in Arab World: A State of Concern

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