One strategy to address environmental degradation caused by transnational human activities is to focus on States as the principal actors and law-makers on the international plane. In order to address environmental challenges, States have by and large three avenues for regulatory management at their disposal: the first one is domestic legislation on pollution control and conservation within the boundaries of jurisdictional limits set by international law; the second avenue is action through regional organisations of economic integration which have the power of supranational law-making, although these also have to observe the same jurisdictional limits in relation to the international community; and the third avenue is traditional international law-making, the method on which this Chapter focuses.