“…To date, many empirical studies have investigated the relationship between global risk factors and stock market returns in capital asset pricing model (CAPM) framework and linear framework (Sadorsky & Henriques, 2001;Mohanty, Nandha, & Bota, 2010;Waszczuk, 2013;Brogaard & Detzel, 2015;Moya-Martínez et al, 2014;Demirer et al, 2015;Naifar et al, 2017). However, in the recent time, some empirical studies have analysed the impacts of global factors on economic and financial performances considering time varying, structural shifts, and different market conditions (Arouri, Estay, Rault, & Roubaud, 2016;Basher, Haug, & Sadorsky, 2018;Bijsterbosch & Guérin, 2013;Kang, Ratti, & Yoon, 2015;Ko & Lee, 2015;Zhu, Su, You, & Ren, 2017). These empirical studies have shown that investigations of the relationship between global risk factor and financial market performance require the nonlinear framework, which captures the financial market volatilities and structural shifts in stock market behaviour.…”