The literature on the relationship between the degree of multinationality (M) and performance (P) in the context of multinational enterprises (MNEs) has attracted a large volume of scholarly research in the past 50 years. Yet, the conclusions concerning the nature of M-P relationship and the theoretical foundations vary greatly, thus call for a critical review and assessment. We adopt an original inter-disciplinary approach by integrating international business, finance, and accounting perspectives to provide a comprehensive and critical review of the literature. We examine 135 articles in 39 leading scholarly journals and classic books published during the period 1960-2015. We use an inductive approach and a qualitative content analysis methodology for our review. Our analysis shows that the literature has been built upon a wide variety of theoretical perspectives. The majority of previous studies predominantly examine the relationship between M and P. Thus, we review the theoretical conceptualization and measurement of M, P, the findings on M-P relationships, methodologies, and geographic focus. We identify six key inconsistencies in the existing research, which cause ambiguity in the relevant findings. We make eight recommendations for future research directions to address these inconsistencies. Thus, our analysis contributes to the central debate in this research field.