International Comparisons of Biotechnology Policies

Chen, Zhiqi; McDermott, Alison

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5311-3_6

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This directive changed when the Novel Food Regulations (Regulation no. 258/97), which harmonize the approval of labelling of imports of genetically modified food came into force in all EU member countries in 1997 25 .…”

Section: Consumer Protection Policies Related To Foods Produced Usingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stringency of regulations varies from country to country depending on their national laws. Regulatory guidance and harmonization have not yet been achieved fully, because the directives are interpreted differently by different EU states 25 …”

Section: Consumer Protection Policies Related To Foods Produced Usingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, EU regulation is based explicitly on the method by which the organism has been produced. This approach covers the concept of process‐driven oversight rather than the end use of the product, which is called product‐driven oversight 25 …”

Section: Consumer Protection Policies Related To Foods Produced Usingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, several states have enacted legislation regulating the field tests of genetically modified organisms, or the use of some products developed using biotechnology. For example, Hawaii and Wisconsin require notification before genetically modified organisms may be released into the environment, while Minnesota and North Carolina have more formal permit systems for field tests 25 …”

Section: Consumer Protection Policies Related To Foods Produced Usingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harmonization of biotechnology policies can also be carried out under the aegis of international organizations. The Convention for Biological Diversity (CBD), and the World Trade Organization (WTO) will probably have the most effect on the harmonization of international regulations and trade in biotechnology 25 . In 1992, 175 governments signed up to the UN CBD at the at the Earth Summit in Rio.…”

Section: Consumer Protection Policies Related To Foods Produced Usingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Foods produced using biotechnology: how does the law protect consumers?

Emirogˇlu

2002

Int J Consumer Studies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper addresses the following subjects: biotechnology and consumers, concern about risks, consumer acceptance, labelling of foods produced using biotechnology, the legal approach to consumer protection, and consumer protection policies relating to biotechnology products in the European Union, the United States, Turkey and global institutions such as the Convention for Biological Diversity (CBD) and the World Trade Organisation (WTO). It is likely that biotechnology will gain ground much more rapidly in the twenty‐first century than in the past. Despite rapid, detailed and precise advances in gene technology, its applications have not been the received with a great deal of consumer enthusiasm. Consumers have approached genetically modified foods with considerable apprehension and opposition. Consumer concerns about bioengineered food products focus on the questions of human health, environmental and social risks and benefits. The most important stages in the process of marketing new foods produced using biotechnology are to demonstrate user need and consumer acceptance. Generally, the technical complexity of biotechnology makes it difficult for consumers to understand details of the product and the specific attributes of biotechnology applications. Scientific uncertainty, the nature of consumer concerns and general reluctance to accept biotechnology products, increase the importance of consumer protection. Legal protection is a very important factor in the solution of new social problems related to technological advances. More specifically, consumer and environmental law support consumer protection related to foods produced with biotechnology. The basic principles of consumer law can be re‐formulated as consumer rights. Environmental law is a new phenomenon, but precautionary principles and public participation in decision‐making for environmental law are relevant to consumer protection relating to bioengineered food products.

show abstract

Section: Consumer Protection Policies Related To Foods Produced Usingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consumer Protection Policies Related To Foods Produced Usingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consumer Protection Policies Related To Foods Produced Usingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consumer Protection Policies Related To Foods Produced Usingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consumer Protection Policies Related To Foods Produced Usingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Foods produced using biotechnology: how does the law protect consumers?

Emirogˇlu

2002

Int J Consumer Studies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Appendix A: Integration Document Biotechnology, the Consumer, and the Canadian Marketplace

Legault¹,

McDermott²

1998

Biotechnology and the Consumer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Patents and Power: European Patent-System Integration in the Context of Globalization

Kranakis¹

2007

tech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Patent system system integration has altered the balance between the interests of patent holders and society. Two turning points in this process are examined: the 1883 Paris Convention, and the1978 launch of the Patent Cooperation Treaty and the European Patent Convention. The article shows how these treaties evolved and how further integration occurred after their implementation, following unforeseen/unintended paths stemming partly from technological change. Overall, global patent system integration has increased the territorial reach of patents, curtailed national restrictions on their use, enhanced rights of patent applicants/holders, and broadened patentability definitions. Corporations, the dominant patent holders, are the principal beneficiaries of these changes. Patents have become powerful, sometimes hegemonic tools for corporations to control technology, people, and markets on a global scale. A case study shows how Monsanto used its European patents on GM soybeans to make Argentina change its patent laws, to the perceived detriment of Argentine farmers.

show abstract

International Comparisons of Biotechnology Policies

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Foods produced using biotechnology: how does the law protect consumers?

Foods produced using biotechnology: how does the law protect consumers?

Appendix A: Integration Document Biotechnology, the Consumer, and the Canadian Marketplace

Patents and Power: European Patent-System Integration in the Context of Globalization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About