International comparison of differences in home advantage between level 1 and level 2 of domestic football leagues

Leite, Werlayne; Pollard, Richard

doi:10.1007/s12662-018-0507-2

Cited by 34 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In this respect, small-but significant-positive associations between home advantage and distance travelled are found in England (Clarke and Norman, 1995), Brazil (Pollard et al, 2008), Germany (Oberhofer et al, 2010), and in international European soccer matches (Goumas, 2014b), but not in Greece (Armatas and Pollard, 2012) nor Australia (Goumas, 2014a). Relatedly, Seckin and Pollard (2008), Bäker et al (2012), and Leite and Pollard (2018) indicate that the home advantage is substantially smaller or even completely vanishes whenever a match is a derby. In addition, McSharry (2007) and report there is a significant association between home advantage and altitude, with each 1,000 m in altitude difference worth, on average, an increase in the goal difference by half of a goal according to the first study and 0.115 of a point's advantage for the home team according to the second study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…However, this phenomenon has been studied most widely in soccer. Numerous research has centred around analysing the home advantage in soccer matches at the national level, moving from country-specific studies in Australia (Goumas, 2014a), Brazil (Pollard et al, 2008), England (Clarke and Norman, 1995;Nevill et al, 1996;Carmichael and Thomas, 2005), Germany (Oberhofer et al, 2010), Greece (Armatas and Pollard, 2012), Spain (Sánchez et al, 2009;Saavedra et al, 2015), and Turkey (Seckin and Pollard, 2008), among others, to cross-country investigations (Pollard, 2006a(Pollard, , 2006bPollard and Gómez, 2014;Leite and Pollard, 2018). Additionally, research on the home advantage in soccer has been conducted based on World Cup data (Torgler, 2004;, international club competitions data (Page and Page, 2007;Poulter, 2009;Goumas, 2013Goumas, , 2014b, and data on international football games played in South America (McSharry, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Home advantage in European international soccer: which dimension of distance matters?

Damme

Baert

2019

Economics

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The authors investigate whether the home advantage in soccer differs by various dimensions of distance between the (regions of the) home and away teams: geographical distance, climatic differences, cultural distance, and disparities in economic prosperity. To this end, the authors analyse 2,012 recent matches played in the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League by means of several regression models. They find that when the home team plays at a higher altitude, they benefit substantially more from their home advantage. Every 100 meters of altitude difference is associated with an increase in expected probability to win the match, as the home team, by 1.1 percentage points. The other dimensions of distance are not significantly associated with a higher or lower home advantage. By contrast, the authors find that the home advantage in soccer is more outspoken when the number of spectators is higher and when the home team is substantially stronger than the away team.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home advantage in European international soccer: which dimension of distance matters?

Damme

Baert

2019

Economics

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“…This may be especially not only advantageous for the away teams to compensate for the strain experienced from traveling (cf. Oberhofer et al, 2010;Goumas, 2014;Leite and Pollard, 2018), but also for teams with a larger squad and more financial resources. However, if this is the case, the question remains why this would have affected the field home advantage only in Germany.…”

Section: Strengths Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Losing the Home Field Advantage When Playing Behind Closed Doors During COVID-19: Change or Chance?

Yperen

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Due to restrictions against the COVID-19 pandemic, spectators were not allowed to attend soccer matches at the end of the 2019/2020 season. Previous studies suggest that the absence of a home crowd changes the home field advantage in terms of match outcomes, offensive performance, and referee decisions. However, because of the small sample sizes, these changes may be random rather than meaningful. To test this, we created 1,000,000 randomized samples from the previous four seasons with the exact same number of matches played behind closed doors in Europe’s four most elite soccer leagues at the end of the 2019/2020 season. We found that across countries (Germany, Spain, Italy, and England), performance indices and referee decisions (except red cards) indeed changed to the detriment of the home team beyond the level of chance. However, this overall pattern could be ascribed to specific countries. Most importantly, the proportion of points won by the home teams declined significantly only in Germany, which was accompanied by a meaningful increase in (1) the proportion of goals scored by the away teams and (2) the proportion of yellow cards given to the home teams. We conclude that the home field advantage may indeed be lost when spectators are absent. However, in future studies, more detailed behavioral analyses are needed to determine the robustness and the behavioral determinants of this phenomenon across leagues and countries.

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“…касно почео да користи технологију која би помогла судијама у њиховим одлукама (Galak et al, 2018). Увођење VAR технологије која омогућава ревизију одређених судијских одлука са важним последицама ће, у непосредној такмичарској ситуацији, исправити одлуку судије за коју се покаже да је очигледно погрешна (Leite & Pollard, 2018.). И друге технологије високих перформанси се такође користе у фудбалу, пре свега оне за праћење учинка спортиста, као што су анализа вектора померања путем GPS-а (Global Position System), мапирање помоћу видео снимка, мерач фреквенције срца, акцелерометар, жироскоп, итд.…”

Section: еволуција фудбалаunclassified

“…already used technology to assist referees in their decisions (Galak et al, 2018). The introduction of VAR to enable certain referee decisions of important consequence to be reviewed will, in theory, correct a decision seen to be clearly wrong (Leite & Pollard, 2018). Other technologies are also used in high-performance football to monitor athletes' performance, such as displacement analysis through GPS (Global Position System), mapping through video capture, cardiac frequency meter, accelerometer, gyroscope, etc.…”

Section: The Evolution Of Footballmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a need to increase the number of substitutions in modern professional football?

Leite¹,

Figueredo²

2020

Fizička kultura

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Football is the most important and popular sport in the world, being influenced by several aspects and generating a billion dollar financial income. The constant scientific advancement of the modality allows a rapid evolution of football, being important to constantly review aspects of its dynamics and, consequently, its laws. The aim of this work is to analyze and argue, based on several aspects, e.g., evolution of the modality, physiological aspects, incidence of injuries, relationship with the media and economic aspects, etc., if there is a need to increase substitutions in modern professional football matches. In order to achieve this objective, a wide bibliographic research on the most important aspects of football was used.. As demonstrated throughout the text, according to the constant changes that have occurred in various aspects related to football over the years, there is a need for changes in the regulations to meet the need and provide a greater evolution of the modality. In this way, we believe that the increase in the number of substitutions can be very beneficial for football in general, mainly to make the modality more dynamic and attractive to the spectators.

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International comparison of differences in home advantage between level 1 and level 2 of domestic football leagues

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

Home advantage in European international soccer: which dimension of distance matters?

Home advantage in European international soccer: which dimension of distance matters?

Losing the Home Field Advantage When Playing Behind Closed Doors During COVID-19: Change or Chance?

Is there a need to increase the number of substitutions in modern professional football?

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