International Comparative Evidence on Global Value Chains

Abstract

Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 23-Apr-2012 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ English -Or. English DIRECTORATE FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE ON GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Paper 2012/3 By Koen de Backer and Norihiko Yamano (OECD) JT03320369 Complete document available on OLIS in its original format This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. DSTI/DOC(2012)3 Unclassified English -Or. English DSTI/DOC(2012)3 2 STI Working Paper SeriesThe Working Paper series of the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry is designed to make available to a wider readership selected studies prepared by staff in the Directorate or by outside consultants working on OECD projects. The papers included in the series cover a broad range of issues, of both a technical and policy-analytical nature, in the areas of work of the DSTI. The Working Papers are generally available only in their original language -English or French -with a summary in the other.Comments on the papers are invited, and should be sent to the

Toward a more complete understanding of offshoring: bringing employees into the conversation

“…Patterns vary across countries. According to one recent estimate of changes between 1995 and 2005, for example, offshoring increased by about 14% in the Slovak Republic and 3% in the USA, but decreased by 2% in Canada (de Backer & Yamano, 2012). The number of companies adopting offshoring practices is also growing.…”

Gelen Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ile Geri Bağ Arasındaki İlişki

“…Küresel değer zinciri bir malın farklı ülkelerdeki farklı üretim noktalarında yer alan üretiminin dizayn, üretim, pazarlama, lojistik, ulaşım ve diğer hizmetlerin her aşamasında ortaya çıkan değer olarak tanımlanmaktadır (Krugman, 1995). Diğer bir ifade ile küresel değer zinciri, parça ve bileşenlerden oluşan ara malın bir ülkede üretilmesinin ardından daha üretim sürecinin devamı için ya da bileşenlerin birleştirilip nihai malın elde edilmesi için başka bir ülkeye ihraç edilmesi işlemlerini içermektedir (de Backer and Yamano, 2011).…”

An Essay on Intra-Industry Trade in Intermediate Goods

“…Finally, the third approach, which has been more frequently used in recent years 7 , considers as intermediates all goods classified as such by the United Nations Broad Economic Categories (UN BEC classification). The UN BEC classification disentangles goods according to their main end use, and then divides them into capital goods (categories 41 and 521), consumption goods or final goods (categories 112, 122, 522 and 6), and intermediate goods (categories 111, 121, 2, 3, 42 and 53).…”

“…splitting up of a previously integrated production process into two or more components, or fragments, produced in different countries), as well as a rise in vertical supply chains and the related sourcing strategies of firms-Feenstra [1]; Hummels et al [2]; Yeats [3]; Kimura and Ando [4]; Kaminski and Ng [5]; Ando [6]; De Backer and Yamano [7]. Firms are increasingly outsourcing and offshoring in order to achieve lower costs and higher quality inputs and, therefore, improve their competitiveness.…”