International commission on trichinellosis : recommendations on the use of serological tests for the detection of<i>Trichinella</i>infection in animals and man

Gamble, H. Ray; Pozio, Edoardo; Bruschi, Fabrizio; Nöckler, Karsten; Kapel, Christian M. O.; Gajadhar, Alvin A.

doi:10.1051/parasite/20041113

Cited by 165 publications

(137 citation statements)

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“…However, ELISA is considered to be suitable for surveillance and epidemiological investigations of domestic animals and wildlife (Gamble et al 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Trichinella spp. antibodies in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and domestic pigs in Korea

et al. 2015

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ABSTRACT:Trichinellosis is a parasitic zoonosis that is of importance to public health; human trichinellosis usually occurs when improperly cooked pork or wild animal meat is consumed. The purpose of this study was to determine the nationwide seroprevalence of Trichinella infection in wild boar and domestic pig populations in Korea. Using ELISA, we detected no seropositivity among the serum samples of 2350 domestic pigs collected in 2013, indicating that the domestic cycles of Trichinella spp. have disappeared from the domestic pig population in Korea. In contrast, approximately 13% of the 434 wild boars hunted in 2013 were seropositive. Furthermore, the seroprevalence of six of the seven provinces was between 6.7% and 18.3%, indicating that Trichinella infection occurred in the wild boar population throughout the country. The results of this study suggest that Trichinella circulates in the wild boar population and could be transmitted from infected wild boars to other wildlife, domestic pigs, and humans in Korea. Therefore, we recommend continued surveillance of Trichinella infection prevalence in wild animals and an appropriate strategy to prevent human infection in Korea.

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“…However, ELISA is considered to be suitable for surveillance and epidemiological investigations of domestic animals and wildlife (Gamble et al 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Trichinella spp. antibodies in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and domestic pigs in Korea

et al. 2015

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“…The diagnosis of trichinellosis is rather difficult because fever, myalgia and eosinophilia are nonspecific, and this disease may be misdiagnosed. At present, muscle biopsy and serologic testing are used for diagnosing human trichinellosis (Yera et al, 2003;Gómez-Morales et al, 2008), but the biopsy technique is not sensitive to infections with small numbers of T. spiralis, and serologic tests (e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using muscle HELMINTHOLOGIA, 51, 3: 181 -189, 2014 Detection of circulating antigens in serum samples of mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis by a sandwich ELISA based on IgY larval excretory-secretory (ES) antigen or the synthetic antigen 3,6-dideoxy-D-arabinohexose [tyvelose]) for detecting IgG specific for Trichinella are not positive in pig and mice infected experimentally until 3 to 4 weeks after infection (Kapel & Gamble, 2000;Gamble et al, 2004;Oltean et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2012;). Several studies have shown that the maximum positivity of 100 % of ELISA in detecting anti-Trichinella antibodies was not reached until at least 1 to 3 months after human infection with the parasite (Bruschi et al, 1990;Morakote et al, 1991;Wang et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because the serum levels of circulating antigens of T. spiralis are quite low, the detection rate of CAg in serum samples was usually only 30 % -50 % in the patients with clinical trichinellosis (Nishiyama et al, 1992). Hence, the serological methods available for detecting CAg cannot be used to serodiagnosis of trichinellosis (Dupouy-Camet et al, 2002;Gamble et al, 2004). Chicken IgY has been recognized as an excellent source of polyclonal antibodies for over decades (Tini et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of circulating antigens in serum samples of mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis by a sandwich ELISA based on IgY

Jing¹,

Cui

Liu

et al. 2014

Helminthologia

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SummaryIn the present study, a sandwich ELISA based on IgY (egg yolk immunoglobulin) was developed for detection of circulating antigens (CAg) in sere of mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis. The IgY-sandwich ELISA assay involved the use of chicken antibody IgY against excretory-secretory (ES) antigens of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae as a capture antibody and mouse polyclonal antibody IgG to ES antigens as a detecting antibody. This method was able to detect as little as 3 ng/ml of ES antigens added to normal mouse serum. A group of sixteen mice was orally inoculated with 500 T. spiralis muscle larvae per animal. The serum samples from the infected mice were taken during 1 -35 days post-infection (dpi). The CAg was detectable as early as 8 dpi in the sera of infected mice. The level of CAg increased dramatically during 13 -15 dpi and reached a peak at 22 dpi and remained a plateau for 3 days, then declined gradually. Another peak of CAg occurred at 31 dpi. The anti-Trichinella antibodies was first detected in 14.3 % of the infected mice at 2 weeks post-infection (wpi), and reached a peak positive rate of 100 % at 5 wpi. Moreover, the infected mice were treated with abendazole at 5 wpi and the serum CAg levels increased significantly during 2 -6 days posttreatment (dpt) and then declined rapidly during 8 -14 dpt. By 42 dpt, the CAg levels decreased to the undetected level, but the detection rate of antibodies was still 100 %. The IgY-sandwich ELISA appears to be a sensitive for detection of antigenemia of T. spiralis and valuable to judge the efficacy of chemotherapy in trichinellosis.

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“…While domestic pigs and synanthropic rats represent the most important hosts in maintaining the transmission cycle, other hosts such as dogs and horses can also be involved [12]. Although serological methods for the detection of Trichinella infection are not considered suitable for meat inspection, they are important for the surveillance of the infection and epidemiological investigations in animal populations, particularly in the areas where prevalence is high [13]. Serological methods are also useful for the presumptive or retrospective diagnosis and surveillance of human infection [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic band pattern in western blots for specific detection of anti-Trichinella spiralis antibodies in different host species

Ilić¹,

Gruden-Movsesijan²,

Živojinovic³

et al. 2014

Acta Veterinaria

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Western blot (Wb) is considered to be the gold standard test for Trichinella infection serology, since this method allows specific Trichinella antigens to be distinguished from cross-reactive antigens. This is not the case with widely used antibody assay techniques - indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA - which are sensitive, but subject to crossreactions that make the interpretation of weakly positive results difficult. Application of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory (ES) antigens for the specific antibody detection in ELISA resulted in improved specificity compared to that of crude worm extract that was previously in use, but since production of ES has not yet been standardized, differences among laboratories occur. For this reason, the Wb profile of serum samples from different T. spiralis infected host species: human, horse, swine and dog, was investigated in the Serbian National Reference Laboratory for Trichinellosis (NRLT). The common feature of the obtained Wb profiles was the appearance of a triad of bands with molecular masses (Mw) of 45, 49, and 53 kDa. The very same triad was recognized by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7C2C5 specific for an immunodominant epitope unique to the muscle larvae stage of all species in the genus Trichinella. Inhibition studies confirmed that mAb and anti-Trichinella antibodies from sera competed for the same parasite epitope. Based on the obtained results, the NRLT introduced the recognition of the above mention triad as the basis for specific anti-Trichinella antibodies detection in the sera of infected hosts.

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International commission on trichinellosis : recommendations on the use of serological tests for the detection ofTrichinellainfection in animals and man

Cited by 165 publications

References 45 publications

Prevalence of Trichinella spp. antibodies in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and domestic pigs in Korea

Prevalence of Trichinella spp. antibodies in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and domestic pigs in Korea

Detection of circulating antigens in serum samples of mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis by a sandwich ELISA based on IgY

Characteristic band pattern in western blots for specific detection of anti-Trichinella spiralis antibodies in different host species

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