International Collaboration Patterns and Effecting Factors of Emerging Technologies

Abstract

With the globalization of the world economy, international innovation collaboration has taken place all over the world. This study selects three emerging technologies (3D printing, big data and carbon nanotubes and graphene technology) among 20 countries as the research objects, using three patent-based indicators and network relationship analysis to reflect international collaboration patterns. Then we integrate empirical analyses to show effecting factors of international collaboration degrees by using panel data. The results indicate that while 3D printing technology is associated with a “balanced collaboration” mode, big data technology is more accurately described by a radial pattern, centered on the United States, and carbon nanotubes and graphene technology exhibits “small-world” characteristics in this respect. It also shows that the factors GDP per capita (GPC), R&D expenditure (RDE) and the export of global trade value (ETV) negatively affect the level of international collaboration. It could be useful for China and other developing countries to make international scientific and technological collaboration strategies and policies in the future.

Mapping the characteristics of network meta-analyses on drug therapy: A systematic review

“…A study about the global production of pairwise meta-analyses (n = 736) published by 3,178 authors from 51 countries reported that developed countries such as the USA, the UK, and Canada were the greatest producers [ 36 ]. Similar results were found in our study, but with the emergence of new countries such as China and Italy, which may change the future publication patterns of NMAs [ 37 , 38 ]. New countries may enter, probably because NMAs are a valid, cheap, and quick alternative to support pricing and marketing approval decisions, especially in the absence of direct comparisons [ 27 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Exploring the characteristics of 3D printing global industry chain and value chain innovation network

“…The patent reflects the latest technological inventions and contains valuable information about patentees, while also providing a reliable basis for technical research (Bai, 2017). Scholars and policy makers use patent information to analyze technology trends, explore the nature, sources, and economic effects of technology, and to study the size distribution, internationalization, and technology diversification of innovative companies (Bai, 2016). The research shows that patent analysis has value in formulating national industrial development planning and internationalization strategy.…”

“…Different institutions have different innovative capabilities in different molecular technology fields of 3D printing technology. In order to fully retrieve patents of 3D printing and systematically describe the global innovational network characteristics and evolution of the 3D printing industry, this paper is based a literature research (Bai, 2016) and on three rounds of opinion by experts from the National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Center of China, and is also based on the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM) classification standards. 3D printing technology is divided into six categories: curing technology, laser sintering and bonding technology, material melting and bonding technology, plate lamination technology, bio-printing technology and 3D food printing technology.…”

“…Search strategy formulation. Based on the improved vocabulary query method, the identified 3D printing technology domain classification (Table 2) and expert opinions for multiple rounds of search and discussion, this paper draws on the keyword search strategy selected by Bai (2016) to finalize the field and finally determines the sub-domain keywords. The logic operation rule is based on the logic operation rules of Web of Knowledge, and uses the logical connectors (OR, AND) to determine the patent retrieval strategy.…”

“…According to the 2017 Forbes magazine, 57% of manufacturing companies worldwide have increased their research and development investment in 3D printing, and 95% of manufacturing companies regard 3D printing technology as an important advantage for enterprises in the market competition, while 47% of 3D printing companies have a higher return on investment than they did in previous years (Bai, 2016).…”