International Affective Digitized Sounds in Korea: A Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation Study

Abstract

This study investigated the differences in emotional responses to the International Affective Digitized Sounds 2 (IADS-2)between Americans and Koreans. Korean adult subjects rated their emotional response to atotal of 167 sounds on three dimensions: valence, arousal, and dominance. The results showsignificant differences between Koreans and Americans in twoo ft he emotional dimensions -v alence and arousal. In particular,K oreans and Americans showed the most difference in responses to erotic, rain, belch, and thunderstorm sounds. The analysis of the relationship between basic emotion and dimensional emotion revealed that valence and dominance showed positive correlations with happiness, butnegative correlations with sadness, anger,fear,and disgust. In contrast, the opposite pattern wasobserved for arousal. Our results provide auseful comparative,cultural reference for the development of standardized emotional stimuli.

Affective auditory stimulus database: An expanded version of the International Affective Digitized Sounds (IADS-E)

“…The correlation coefficient analysis showed that the linear correlation between valence and arousal was r = − .40 (R 2 = .16, p < .001), and the quadratic correlation between the two dimensions was r = .44 (R 2 = .19, p < .001). As compared to the linear correlation, the contribution ratio of the quadratic correlation was higher and was consistent with those from previous studies (Choi et al, 2015;Redondo et al, 2008;Soares et al, 2013). However, in the quadratic correlation, the correlation value in our study was lower than that found for IADS-2 (r = .47, R 2 = .22, p < .001; see Bradley & Lang, 2007a).…”

“…Min = minimal value; Max = maximal value; SD = standard deviation; N = number of sounds (r = .40, p < .001) and a weak negative correlation with sadness (r = − .10, p < .01), but no correlation with happiness. As has been demonstrated in previous studies (Choi et al, 2015;Stevenson & James, 2008), valence and dominance showed positive relationships with happiness but negative relationships with the other basic emotion rating scales (i.e., fear and sadness), whereas the opposite pattern was observed for arousal. Table 1 shows the descriptive statistics for the sound ratings on all affective ratings scales in each semantic category.…”

Assessments of Acoustic Environments by Emotions – The Application of Emotion Theory in Soundscape

“…Bradley and Lang (2007a) reported that about 14% of the arousal variance concerning the set of International Affective Digitized Sounds IADS could be attributed to sound intensity variations. The IADS database consists of 167 natural sounds of 6 s duration that are common in daily life, which elicit different responses on the affective dimensions of valence, arousal, and dominance (Choi et al, 2015). Yang et al (2018) confirmed the findings of Bradley and Lang and observed that the relationship between a physical intensity of sound and valence looked more complex and that classical level indicators explained only a few percentage points of the total variance.…”

“…When looking at affective pictures, patterns of physiological change are found that vary with reports of affective valence and arousal (Bradley and Lang, 2000). Similar patterns of physiological reactions are elicited by affective pictures (Lang et al, 1993), affective sounds (Choi et al, 2015) and films (Fredrickson and Kahneman, 1993). In another illustrative study, when individuals viewed unpleasant pictures, a cardiac deceleration, a large skin conductance response, observable increases in corrugator (frown) electromyogram (EMG), a larger scalp-recorded positivity, and a potentiation of the startle reflex were observed (Gray and Watson, 2007).…”

“…However, although emotions are understood to be essentially universal, cultural differences in emotions are frequently reported, suggesting a social component within the elicitation of emotion. Choi et al discovered inconsistencies regarding the relationship between categorical emotions and dimensional emotions, which may reflect cultural differences (Choi et al, 2015), whereas Jeon et al (2018) attributed differences in reported emotions to different connotative meanings and semantics rather than the emotions themselves. It seems likely that, the universal character of emotion applies to the human set of emotions, whereas a cultural impact takes place more on the emotion regulation stage (cf.…”