International Adoption of Children: The Indian Scene

Apparao, Hansa

doi:10.1080/016502597385405

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…First, there was a preference for kinship adoption (or intra-family adoption) as bloodline mattered in India’s divisive caste system (Gangopadhyay and Mathur, 2021). To a considerable extent, these adoptions were not legalised but were akin to the open adoptions practised in the West today (Apparao, 1997). The birth families were known, and the children grew up knowing both their adoptive and birth families.…”

Section: The Sociocultural Adoption Framework In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1990s, a move towards making adoptions more child-centric emerged, focusing on the wellbeing of children (Apparao, 1997). In 1990, the then Central Adoption Resource Agency (CARA) was established (renamed the Central Adoption Resource Authority in 1998), a statutory body of the Ministry of Women and Child Development responsible for regulating and supervising both domestic and international adoptions through the systematic guidelines of the Juvenile Justice Act (JJ Act) of 1986.…”

Section: The Move From Analogue To Digitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preference for kinship adoptions resulted in the stagnation of non-family domestic adoptions 2 in comparison to international adoptions, which rose during the 1970s and 80s. During this period, India became a major sending country (Kane, 1993); however, many of these international adoptions took place outside of the legal framework (Apparao, 1997) and were not reliably documented (Hoksbergen and Gokhale, 1986). Financial affordability by foreign adoptive parents, the absence of a uniform adoption law in India and caste prejudices made intercountry adoption an attractive option for Indian adoption agencies (Mahtani, 1994).…”

Section: The Sociocultural Adoption Framework In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping the digitalisation of child adoption in India: Challenges and future possibilities

Mitra,

Bhaskar,

Bode

2023

Adoption & Fostering

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Among several other countries, India has launched numerous digital initiative programmes aimed at integrating and upgrading various socioeconomic, political and health and social care arenas. One such area is child adoption, where a move away from the analogue system and towards digitalisation began in 2015. The Indian Ministry of Women & Child Development introduced the Child Adoption Resource Information and Guidance System (CARINGS), a digital adoption formalisation platform, under the Central Adoption Resource Authority, a nodal body that monitors and regulates both in-country and intercountry adoptions. This government initiative centralised adoption data from all over India, including the number of children declared free for adoption and the number of prospective parents registered and seeking to adopt. Against this context, this study aims to map the development of adoption in India through digital systems and the influence of digitilisation on those involved in the pre- and post-adoption phases. Drawing on both Western and Indian literature, as well as observations from an ongoing qualitative study on adoption digitalisation in India, this study discusses the benefits and limitations of digital systems for the people connected to them. The findings provide a comprehensive view of the interaction of technology and society and how this operates in the sociocultural context of adoption in India. Future implications for researchers and adoption social workers and consultants are discussed.

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Section: The Sociocultural Adoption Framework In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Move From Analogue To Digitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Sociocultural Adoption Framework In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping the digitalisation of child adoption in India: Challenges and future possibilities

Mitra,

Bhaskar,

Bode

2023

Adoption & Fostering

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“…The procedures under this Act are not for ‘adoptions’ as such but rather represented (and possibly still represent) a facility for guardianship orders to be made for persons from communities where their personal laws do not recognise adoptions or for any other relevant purpose. In recent decades this Act, as supplemented by guidelines issued by the Indian Supreme Court, and more elaborate procedures involving state and voluntary bodies, became the primary facility used for so-called inter-country adoptions by prospective ‘adopters’ from abroad of Indian children (Manooja, 1993: 77–79; Lilani, 1995; Apparao, 1997). While there is a tendency among writers to refer to ‘foreigners’ or ‘foreign nationals’ (see e.g.…”

Section: The Hindu Law On Adoptions In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Transnational Hindu law adoptions: recognition and treatment in Britain

Shah

2009

International Journal of Law in Context

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This article examines how the adoption of children under Hindu law in India is regarded by British private international law and immigration law. Through an analysis of case-law, it focuses particularly on how British judges regard the legitimacy of exclusion by the British immigration control system of children who have been adopted under a 'foreign' legal system which essentially permits private adoption arrangements. Examining the background to the regime of Indian Hindu law adoptions (which applies to Sikhs as well as Hindus), and the private international law and immigration rules which apply to such adoptees in the UK, the article finds some evidence in the judicial decisions of a more activist, humanrights-based, plurality-conscious position being taken. However, tracking the case-law further, the article concludes that such activism has not been followed through in more recent decisions leaving the conflictual position between transnational adopters and British legal systems largely unresolved.

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“…CARA is now an Autonomous Body under the Ministry of Women and Child Development and its aim is to facilitate and promote incountry adoption and regulate intercountry adoption of Indian children (Apparao, 1997). India signed the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption in 1993 and ratified it in 2003.…”

Section: Adoption In India -A Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preservation of the Child's Background in In- and Intercountry Adoption

Lind

Johansson

2009

Int J Child Rights

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The point of departure of the present article is the child's right to preservation of her/his ethnic, religious, cultural and linguistic background in adoption, as stipulated in the CRC and the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption. The article seeks to analyse the various meanings attributed to preservation of the child's background in in-and intercountry adoption and in different national contexts. The main focus is on the seldom-studied perspective of one of the major sending countries in intercountry adoption: India. Five representatives of two non-governmental adoption agencies and one governmental agency in addition to six Indian adoptive parents have been interviewed about their views on the significance of the child's background in adoption. In my analysis, I show that preservation of a child's background is perceived to be in conflict with other interests of the child, such as gaining a position in her/his adoptive family equal to that of a biological child and being loved unconditionally. In contrast to the general portrayal of Indian adoption applicants as being selective regarding the child's religious background and skin colour, agency representatives as well as adoptive parents endeavoured to distinguish themselves from this portrayal by emphasizing the irrelevance of the child's background.

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International Adoption of Children: The Indian Scene

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Mapping the digitalisation of child adoption in India: Challenges and future possibilities

Mapping the digitalisation of child adoption in India: Challenges and future possibilities

Transnational Hindu law adoptions: recognition and treatment in Britain

Preservation of the Child's Background in In- and Intercountry Adoption

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