“…Some representative proteins include the claudins, occludins, zona occludens-1, junctional adhesion molecule-1, and scribbled. Other proteins, such as RHOA, are associated with only the apical disengagement complex found in the small cytoplasmic extensions of Sertoli cells that interact with small finger-like tubulobulbar complexes in the heads of elongated spermatids [35, 170,206]. Several proteins, such as F-Actin, ESPIN, connexin-43 and vinculin, have been localized at both the apical and basal ectoplasmic specializations, usually giving this appearance in a stage-specific manner.…”