Internal textures of rhyolite flows as revealed by research drilling

Manley, Curtis R.; Fink, Jonathan

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<549:itorfa>2.0.co;2

Cited by 138 publications

(78 citation statements)

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“…Rhyolitic lava flows show a complex internal sequence with variably vesicular, devitrified and deformed textures, and complex surface deformation patterns (Fink 1978(Fink , 1983Manley and Fink 1987;Shields et al 2016). The traditional view of rhyolitic flow interiors includes (from the surface downwards) an upper breccia, thick obsidian, foliated rhyolite, thinner obsidian and a basal breccia (Fink 1978(Fink , 1983Manley and Fink 1987).…”

Section: Lithofacies Of Rhyolitic Lava Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The traditional view of rhyolitic flow interiors includes (from the surface downwards) an upper breccia, thick obsidian, foliated rhyolite, thinner obsidian and a basal breccia (Fink 1978(Fink , 1983Manley and Fink 1987). This idealised cross section has been observed in Obsidian Dome core drills in California, the Banco Bonito flow in New Mexico (Manley and Fink 1987) and Little Glass Mountain (Medicine Lake) (Fink 1983). Spherulitic and crystalline lava forms the central part of the flow, with the population density of crystals and spherulites depending on the length and thickness of the flow (Manley and Fink 1987).…”

Section: Lithofacies Of Rhyolitic Lava Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such structures are often evident and have been studied in viscous intermediate lava flows (e.g. Cerro Chao, ChileFink 1980b;de Silva et al 1994; Puy de Cliergue, France- Latutrie et al 2017;San Pietro, Sardinia-Cioni and Funedda 2005;Santiaguito, Guatemala-Harris et al 2002, and other rhyolitic lava flows worldwide (Fink 1980a(Fink , b 1983Manley and Fink 1987;Carn et al 2009;Lara 2009;Bernstein et al 2013;Pallister et al 2013;Tuffen et al 2013;Magnall et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies of rhyolite lava flow crust development and emplacement mechanisms have centred on United States Holocene flows (Big and Little Glass Mountain, Medicine Lake ;Fink 1980aFink , b, 1983Manley and Fink 1987;Manga 1998; Big Obsidian Flow in Newberry Caldera; Castro et al 2002). Early conceptual models of rhyolite lava flow emplacement depict slowly spreading lavas overriding blocks of surface crust, creating an upper and basal breccia (Fink 1980a(Fink , 1983Manley and Fink 1987), before stopping when supply has ceased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early conceptual models of rhyolite lava flow emplacement depict slowly spreading lavas overriding blocks of surface crust, creating an upper and basal breccia (Fink 1980a(Fink , 1983Manley and Fink 1987), before stopping when supply has ceased. Processes such as rising pumice diapirs, compression, extension and fracture propagation produce a range of complex surface structural relations (Fink 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emplacement of the Rocche Rosse rhyolite lava flow (Lipari, Aeolian Islands)

2018

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The Rocche Rosse lava flow marks the most recent rhyolitic extrusion on Lipari island (Italy), and preserves evidence for a multi-stage emplacement history. Due to the viscous nature of the advancing lava (10 8 to 10 10 Pa s), indicators of complex emplacement processes are preserved in the final flow. This study focuses on structural mapping of the flow to highlight the interplay of cooling, crust formation and underlying slope in the development of rhyolitic lavas. The flow is made up of two prominent lobes, small (< 0.2 m) to large (> 0.2 m) scale folding and a channelled geometry. Foliations dip at 2-4°over the flatter topography close to the vent, and up to 30-50°over steeper mid-flow topography. Brittle faults, tension gashes and conjugate fractures are also evident across flow. Heterogeneous deformation is evident through increasing fold asymmetry from the vent due to downflow cooling and stagnation. A steeper underlying topography mid-flow led to development of a channelled morphology, and compression at topographic breaks resulted in fold superimposition in the channel. We propose an emplacement history that involved the evolution through five stages, each associated with the following flow regimes: (1) initial extrusion, crustal development and small scale folding; (2) extensional strain, stretching lineations and channel development over steeper topography; (3) compression at topographic break, autobrecciation, lobe development and medium scale folding; (4) progressive deformation with stagnation, large-scale folding and refolding; and (5) brittle deformation following flow termination. The complex array of structural elements observed within the Rocche Rosse lava flow facilitates comparisons to be made with actively deforming rhyolitic lava flows at the Chilean volcanoes of Chaitén and Cordón Caulle, offering a fluid dynamic and structural framework within which to evaluate our data.

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Section: Lithofacies Of Rhyolitic Lava Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lithofacies Of Rhyolitic Lava Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emplacement of the Rocche Rosse rhyolite lava flow (Lipari, Aeolian Islands)

2018

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A fixed sublithospheric source for the late Neogene track of the Yellowstone hotspot: Implications of the Heise and Picabo volcanic fields

et al. 2014

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The Heise and Picabo volcanic fields of eastern Idaho are part of the more extensive time-transgressive Yellowstone-Snake River Plain hotspot track. Calderas associated with these two silicic volcanic fields are buried under 1 to 3 km of younger basalt, so their locations and eruption record histories have been based on analysis of silicic units along the margins of the eastern Snake River Plain along with some limited geophysical data. A 1.5 km borehole penetrating through basalt into underlying silicic rocks provides new data we used to reassess caldera locations and the timing of eruptions of these volcanic fields. Using these new caldera locations, we calculate an extension-adjusted rate of 2.35 cm/yr for the North American plate over the last 6.66 m.y. and a velocity of 2.30 cm/yr over the 10.27 m.y. Recalculation of a previously determined plate velocity-based migration of the deformation field surrounding the eastern Snake River Plain yields an extension-adjusted rate of 2.38 ± 0.21 cm/yr. These migration rates all fall within the previously published range of North American plate velocities of 2.2 ± 0.8 cm/yr, 2.4 cm/yr, and 2.68 ± 0.78 cm/yr based on a global hot spot reference frame. The consistency of these rates suggest that over the last 10 m.y., the Yellowstone hot spot is fixed with respect to the motion of the North American plate and therefore consistent with a classical deep-sourced hotspot model.

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Criteria for recognition of constructional silicic lava flow surfaces

Anderson

Krinsley

Fink

1994

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Surface-exposure dating (SED) methods typically rely on the measurement of a geochemical parameter that systematically changes with time. A pivotal task in the calibration of many of these techniques is to demonstrate that lava flow surfaces sampled for dating have not experienced erosion. Although criteria for identification of constructional basaltic lava flow surfaces have been published, no such criteria presently exist for the recognition of constructional silicic flows. Here we present several criteria for identifying constructional silicic lava flow features in the field. First, crease structures are fractures with easily identified, curved, striated walls that are commonly observed on recent and active silicic lava flows. Crease structures form during extrusion, and are resistant to mechanical disintegration because they expose dense material from the flow interior. Second, some crease structures break apart during formation, leaving a deposit of striated blocks on the flow surface. Crease structure blocks are striated on only one side, whereas blocks from internal columnar joints exposed through erosion are striated on two or more sides. Only the striated side of the crease structure block is definitively constructional. Finally, many silicic flow surfaces exhibit expanded or breadcrusted textures. These features consist of a dense, fractured rind, 1-2 cm thick, enclosing highly vesicular material. Breadcrust flow textures appear similar to breadcrust bombs produced during volcanic explosions, so it is imperative to demonstrate that they are part of the lava flow surface. These criteria should enable investigators to positively identify constructional silicic lava flow surfaces when calibrating an SED method.

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Internal textures of rhyolite flows as revealed by research drilling

Cited by 138 publications

References 0 publications

Emplacement of the Rocche Rosse rhyolite lava flow (Lipari, Aeolian Islands)

Emplacement of the Rocche Rosse rhyolite lava flow (Lipari, Aeolian Islands)

A fixed sublithospheric source for the late Neogene track of the Yellowstone hotspot: Implications of the Heise and Picabo volcanic fields

Criteria for recognition of constructional silicic lava flow surfaces

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