Internal temperature measurement and conductor temperature calculation of XLPE power cable based on optical fiber at different radial positions

Yang, Lin; Hu, Zhihao; Hao, Yanpeng; Qiu, Weihao; Li, Licheng

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105407

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…To sum up, under certain conditions, the analysis of target acoustic scattering of seafloor pipeline structures will also be affected by the ocean channel environment [31]. In the visualization stage, it is necessary to introduce indicators such as sound ray correction and afternoon effect to further determine the unique attributes of the seabed target.…”

Section: Other Seabed Engineering Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonar image intelligent processing in seabed pipeline detection: review and application

Shi,

Cao,

et al. 2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Subsea pipelines rely primarily on imaging sonar for detection and identification. We analyze the imaging principles of side scan sonar, multi-beam sonar, synthetic aperture sonar, seafloor penetrating sonar and forward-looking sonar. We discuss their effectiveness in detecting seabed pipelines, as well as their limitations in image recognition capabilities. As intelligent algorithms have become increasingly important in the field of image processing, we review the sonar image intelligent detection and recognition algorithms in the past six years and summarize the internal principles and application effects of classic algorithms such as SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform), KMA (K-means algorithm), and CFAR (Constant False-Alarm Rate) that currently show good application prospects. Simultaneously, we review the particular strengths exhibited by these algorithms, such as contour feature extraction, image segmentation and clustering, target recognition under background noise, etc. The research on intelligent processing of sonar images opens up a new way to solve the difficult problem of the seabed targets detection and recognition.

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Section: Other Seabed Engineering Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonar image intelligent processing in seabed pipeline detection: review and application

Shi,

Cao,

et al. 2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…The upper boundary is the contact surface of the soil and the top of the cable trench with the ground air, which is used as the ambient temperature to dissipate heat to the outside air region by natural convection using the convective heat transfer boundary condition as shown in Equation (7). The lower boundary is a deep layer of soil, and a constant temperature boundary condition is set as shown in Equation (8). The normal temperature gradient of the soil layer at the left and right boundaries is 0.…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, this method requires the noise reduction processing of the infrared imaging to obtain accurate temperature information [6,7]. In contact temperature sensors, thermocouple sensors are often used for multi-point measurements [8,9]. Compared to infrared temperature measurement, the arrangement is flexible and allows temperature measurement at multiple locations, but it is not easy to maintain a safe electrical distance between the point sensors and equipment with high voltage levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductor Temperature Monitoring of High-Voltage Cables Based on Electromagnetic-Thermal Coupling Temperature Analysis

Zhang

et al. 2022

Energies

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As a key state parameter of high-voltage cables, conductor temperature is an essential determinant of the current carrying capacity of cables, but in practice, this is difficult to measure directly during the operation of high-voltage cables. In this paper, the electromagnetic-thermal coupling analysis model of a 110 kV high-voltage cable is established using the finite element analysis software COMSOL. By analyzing the temperature distribution law of high-voltage cables under different load currents and ambient temperatures, the relationship between the change in the high-voltage cable surface temperature and the conductor temperature is deduced, which allows the monitoring of the high-voltage cable conductor temperature. Taking the 110 kV cable of the Yanzhong line in Shanxi Province as an example and using the electromagnetic-thermal coupling temperature field analysis method, the conductor temperature of the high-voltage cable can be measured using the data obtained from the cable surface temperature, which is measured by the self-developed Raman Distributed Temperature Sensor (RDTS) system with a maximum measurement error of about 2 °C. The method is easy to use and can achieve the accurate measurement of the conductor temperature without damaging the cable body.

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“…On the contrary, if the operating temperature of the cable conductor is much lower than 90 °C, the operating efficiency of the cable will be reduced [ 18 ]. Therefore, conductor temperature will directly affect the aging of XLPE insulation and the operation of cable; thus, real-time cable temperature measurement is critical to the safe and steady operation of the XLPE power cable [ 19 ]. Monitoring of stress and temperature through embedded sensors is therefore mandatory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concept of Placement of Fiber-Optic Sensor in Smart Energy Transport Cable under Tensile Loading

Drissi‐Habti

Abhijit

Manepalli

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Due to the exponential growth in offshore renewable energies and structures such as floating offshore wind turbines and wave power converters, the research and engineering in this field is experiencing exceptional development. This emergence of offshore renewable energy requires power cables which are usually made up of copper to transport this energy ashore. These power cables are critical structures that must withstand harsh environmental conditions, handling, and shipping, at high seas which can cause copper wires to deform well above the limit of proportionality and consequently break. Copper, being an excellent electric conductor, has, however, very weak mechanical properties. If plasticity propagates inside copper not only will the mechanical properties be affected, but the electrical properties are also disrupted. Constantly monitoring such large-scale structures can be carried out by providing continuous strain using fiber-optic sensors (FOSs). The embedding of optical fibers within the cables (not within the phase) is practiced. Nevertheless, these optical fibers are first introduced into a cylinder of larger diameter than the optical fiber before this same fiber is embedded within the insulator surrounding the phases. Therefore, this type of embedding can in no way give a precise idea of the true deformation of the copper wires inside the phase. In this article, a set of numerical simulations are carried-out on a single phase (we are not yet working on the whole cable) with the aim of conceptualizing the placement of FOSs that will monitor strain and temperature within the conductor. It is well known that copper wire must never exceed temperatures above 90 °C, as this will result in shutdown of the whole system and therefore result in heavy maintenance, which would be a real catastrophe, economically speaking. This research explores the option of embedding sensors in several areas of the phase and how this can enable obtaining strain values that are representative of what really is happening in the conductor. It is, therefore, the primary objective of the current preliminary model to try to prove that the principle of embedding sensors in between copper wires can be envisaged, in particular to obtain an accurate idea about strain tensor of helical ones (multi-parameter strain sensing). The challenge is to ensure that they are not plastically deformed and hence able to transport electricity without exceeding or even becoming closer to 90 °C (fear of shutdown). The research solely focuses on mechanical aspects of the sensors. There are certainly some others, pertaining to sensors physics, instrumentation, and engineering, that are of prime importance, too. The upstream strategy of this research is to come up with a general concept that can be refined later by including, step by step, all the aspects listed above.

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Internal temperature measurement and conductor temperature calculation of XLPE power cable based on optical fiber at different radial positions

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Sonar image intelligent processing in seabed pipeline detection: review and application

Sonar image intelligent processing in seabed pipeline detection: review and application

Conductor Temperature Monitoring of High-Voltage Cables Based on Electromagnetic-Thermal Coupling Temperature Analysis

Concept of Placement of Fiber-Optic Sensor in Smart Energy Transport Cable under Tensile Loading

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