Internal structure of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences—Positive (CAPE-P15) scale: Evidence for a general factor

Núñez, Daniel; Arias, Víctor; Vögel, Edgar; Gómez, Laura E.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.04.018

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A recent meta-analysis of factor analytic studies on the Community Assessment of Psychic Experience (CAPE; Stefanis et al, 2002) suggested that 3 factors also underlie its 20 positive-like symptoms (Mark and Toulopoulou, 2016). Interestingly, these dimensions parallel the PAGE-R dimensions odd beliefs ( cf .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychotic-Like Experiences at the Healthy End of the Psychosis Continuum

et al. 2017

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There is increasing evidence pointing toward a continuous distribution of psychotic symptoms and accompanying factors between subclinical and clinical populations. However, for the construction of continuum models, a more detailed knowledge of different types of psychotic-like experiences (PLE) and their associations with distress, functional impairment, and demographic variables is needed. We investigated PLE in a sample of healthy adults (N = 206) incorporating the recently developed revised Exceptional Experiences Questionnaire (PAGE-R). For the first time, the PAGE-R was cross validated with PLE, disorganized-, and negative-like symptoms [Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), Physical Anhedonia Scale (PAS)]. We subjected the PAGE-R to exploratory factor analyses and examined the resulting subtypes of EE for specific associations with contextual factors, valence ratings, socio-demographic variables, and general psychological burden (Revised Symptom-Checklist-90). Correlational cross-validation suggested that the PAGE-R measures facets of PLE. Importantly, we (1) identified three types of exceptional experiences (EE): Odd beliefs, dissociative anomalous perceptions, and hallucinatory anomalous perceptions. Further, the results suggested that even in healthy individuals (2) PLE and EE are indicative of reduced functioning, as reflected by increased psychological burden and lower educational achievement. Moreover, (3) similar sex-differences might exist as in psychotic patients with women reporting more positive-like symptoms and EE but less disorganized-like symptoms than men. Importantly, (4) EE might be differentially implicated in psychological functioning. We suggest that the PAGE-R holds the potential to complement the current assessment of sub-clinical psychosis. However, whereas our results might point toward a continuity of psychotic symptoms with EE and normal experiences, they require replication in larger samples as well as equivalence testing across the psychosis continuum. Future analyses incorporating the PAGE-R might shed more light onto mechanisms that are implicated in the progress or resilience toward clinical illness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychotic-Like Experiences at the Healthy End of the Psychosis Continuum

et al. 2017

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“…Similar results were found in literature [1,3] and were found to be significant concluding that subdimensions as grandiosity and paranormal belief are less clinically relevant. Recent studies have proposed new structures eliminating those clinically less significant subdimensions [11,20].…”

Section: Distressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although most individuals with PLEs will never develop e psychotic disorder, PLEs, in combination with risk factors for psychosis (eg IQ, use of cannabis, urbanicity, and so on), may persist over time increasing the risk of a later psychotic disorder [7,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Occurrence of Positive Psychotic Experiences in an Outpatient Clinic in Flanders

Gaul¹,

Loore²,

West³

2017

J Child Adolesc Behav

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Objective: Psychotic like experiences (PLEs) resemble psychotic symptoms but are more benign and transient. They occur numerously in clinical and non-clinical samples and have a peak incidence in adolescence. PLEs can be linked to psychopathology and, in the presence of risk factors, PLEs can make a transition to psychotic symptoms and psychosis. The aim of this study was to measure the occurrence of PLEs in a Flemish clinical sample of adolescents using the CAPE (Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences). Gender, age, IQ differences and possible links with psychopathology, distress and impairment have been investigated.Method: 1176 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old were referred to a child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinic for psychiatric assessment. PLEs were measured using the CAPE, more precisely the CAPE positive experiences scale (CAPE-P, 20 questions). PLEs were divided into 5 subdimensions: Hallucination, Paranoia, Delusion, Grandiosity and Paranormal Belief.Results: 734 CAPEs were valid for research. 94.2% of adolescents in the clinical sample reported at least one PLE at least 'sometimes'. 62.3% of our population reported at least one PLE at least 'often', which was a higher rate than found in the general population. 83.2% of the population reported at least 'a bit distress' for at least one PLE, whereas 51% reported to be 'quite or very distressed' about at least one PLE. Girls reported more PLEs than boys and reported higher levels of distress. There was no significant general trend in PLEs found when looked at age or IQ distribution. PLEs with distress could be linked to psychopathology in general, but not to specific diagnoses. Conclusion:In comparison to the general population, adolescents in a clinical population experience PLEs more often and with a higher degree of distress. The CAPE can be used in a clinical population for follow up and identification in the risk of transition. Higher risk can be defined by a higher score of frequency and distress on the CAPE and the persistence of this score over time. Risk of transition increases with a certain degree of impairment (that might be caused by comorbid psychopathology) and the combination with specific risk factors for psychosis.

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“…Both perspectives are supported by recent studies using advanced statistical techniques. Whereas the former was supported by Therman and Ziermans [25] who confirmed the three-factor structure (persecutory ideation, bizarre experiences, and perceptual abnormalities), the latter was supported by Núñez et al [26], who found that the underlying structure of the CAPE-P15 can be adequately represented by a general factor and three separable specific traits. This suggests that there might be a common source underlying the subclinical psychotic symptoms addressed by the scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Reliability and Validity of Liu´s Self-Report Questionnaire for Screening Putative Pre-Psychotic States (BQSPS) in Adolescents

2016

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The usage of rigorous analyses based on contemporary methods to enhance psychometric properties of screening questionnaires aimed to address psychotic-like experiences (PLE) is currently being encouraged. The Brief Self-Report Questionnaire for Screening Putative Pre-psychotic States (BQSPS) is a recently created tool addressing PLE beyond attenuated positive symptoms (APS). Its psychometric properties as a screening tool for first step assessment seems to be adequate, but further research is needed to evaluate certain validity aspects, particularly its dimensionality, internal structure, and psychometric properties in different populations. We assessed the reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity of BQSPS in two samples: 727 adolescents aged 13–18 years, and 245 young adults aged 18–33 years. We used exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The original four-factor structure was not replicated. The best fit in adolescents was obtained by a structure of three-correlated factors: social anxiety (SA), negative symptoms (NS), and positive symptoms (PS). This structure was confirmed in young adult subjects. The three-factor model reached a predictive capability with suicidality as external criterion. PLE are represented by a three-factor structure, which is highly stable between adolescent and young-adult samples. Although the BQSPS seems to be a valid tool for screening PLE, its psychometric properties should be improved to obtain a more accurate measurement.

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Internal structure of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences—Positive (CAPE-P15) scale: Evidence for a general factor

Cited by 39 publications

References 53 publications

Psychotic-Like Experiences at the Healthy End of the Psychosis Continuum

Psychotic-Like Experiences at the Healthy End of the Psychosis Continuum

The Occurrence of Positive Psychotic Experiences in an Outpatient Clinic in Flanders

The Reliability and Validity of Liu´s Self-Report Questionnaire for Screening Putative Pre-Psychotic States (BQSPS) in Adolescents

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