Internal structure of soot particles in a diffusion flame

Botero, María L.; Yuan, Shijun; Akroyd, Jethro; Martin, Jacob W.; Dreyer, Jochen A.H.; Yang, Wenming; Kraft, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2018.09.063

Cited by 108 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…10a,c). This finding has been also reported by many other researchers for a variety of diffusion flames [e.g., 5,23,44]. The averaged soot aggregate sizes in the 60% C 2 H 4 diffusion flame are greater than those in the 50% C 2 H 4 diffusion flame.…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 88%

Single-shot two-dimensional multi-angle light scattering (2D-MALS) technique for nanoparticle aggregate sizing

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The two-dimensional multi-angle light scattering (2D-MALS) technique has been extended for single-shot size measurements of soot aggregates in flames. Six cameras are used for instantaneous acquisition of the elastic scattering from the aggregates at different directions between 10 to 90$$^\circ$$ ∘ of a laser light sheet. Two diluted ethylene (50 and 60% by volume of $$\hbox {C}_2\hbox {H}_4$$ C 2 H 4 fuel diluted with inert $$\hbox {N}_2$$ N 2 ) coflow laminar diffusion flames with little flickering are used as proof of concept. Results of instantaneous, average and fluctuating 2D fields of the effective radii of gyration, which are expected to characterize the size of the aggregates, compare well with the literature, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed sizing method to weakly unsteady combustion processes.

show abstract

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 88%

Single-shot two-dimensional multi-angle light scattering (2D-MALS) technique for nanoparticle aggregate sizing

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This finding is consistent with a HRTEM analysis by Botero et al, who estimated the number of rings of a fringe found in soot particles based on the fringe length. 91 Furthermore, 18% of the structures include one or more rings with an odd number of C-atoms, leading to a stress in the graphitic plane and as a result to a more bend structure. This finding is consistent with other modeling studies, [92][93][94] as well as a recent atomic force microscopy study by Schulz et al 40 on soot precursors in the inception regime, showing that odd-numbered rings are found in nascent soot particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Theoretical Multiscale Approach to Study the Initial Steps Involved in the Chemical Reactivity of Soot Precursors

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the present study bond formation reactions between soot precursors and their role in the soot inception process is investigated. The soot precursors were generated in macroscopic detailed gas-phase kinetic calculations and according to certain criteria introduced in simulation boxes to model bond formation between soot precursor molecules with reactive force field molecular dynamics modeling. The impacts of temperature, fuel mixture and equivalence ratio have been investigated on the rate and structure of the newly formed molecules. The resulting structures compare well to previously reported experimental results. Furthermore, the bond formation rate between PAH is found to be linearly correlated with the temperature at which the PAH precursors are generated, while fuel and equivalence ratio do not have a direct impact on the reaction rate. The generated growth structures are lumped in: 1) directly linked, 2) aliphatically linked and 3) pericondensed polycyclic hydrocarbons. It is found that the amount of aliphatically linked PAH increases with the amount of aliphatic content of fuel mixture. Finally, a reaction scheme is presented displaying the most representative reaction pathways to form growth structures in each lumping class and their eventual interconversion. The present work -that applies a combined approach of macroscopic gas-phase kinetic calculations and atomistic reactive force field simulations -offers a good alternative to obtain structural differences of nascent soot for a broad range of thermodynamic conditions and detailed reaction mechanisms for soot inception process.

show abstract

“…Cluster structures show a core-shell structure in which stacked larger molecules dominate the core of the cluster. Recently, the first experimental work analysing molecule size with respect to soot particle radius at different soot maturities was published [71]. Using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, it was M A N U S C R I P T…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%