Internal stress in multilayer silver–bismuth coatings

Abstract

An investigation was carried out on the influence of electrodeposition conditions on internal stress of cyclically modulated Ag-Bi alloys. Pulse currents of different duration and height were used, leading to different composition and thickness of the deposited sublayers, and the resulting changes in the internal stress were measured in situ. The investigated multilayer coatings with Bi contents up to 20 wt.% reveal a positive (tensile) internal stress, and at Bi contents higher than 20 wt.% the internal stress is negative (compressive). The possibility of deposition of stress-free coatings is shown.

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver‐Nanoparticle‐Deposited α‐Bi2Mo3O12 Nanorods

“…Reports on the presence of stable Ag-Bi alloys support our speculation. [12,13] To further confirm this possibility, TOF-SIMS analysis and TOF-SIMS imaging were also conducted. …”

“…[11] For example, Ag-Bi alloys have gained importance as they find applications in electronics, lead-free soldering, radiotechnics and in the production of coatings exposed to severe conditions, for example, friction under high pressure. [12] The use of Ag films as a buffer layer for the preparation of Bi-2212 tapes on Ni, Ni-Cr, stainless steel and Hastelloy substrates has also been exploited with great interest. [13] Thus, by banking on the information that Ag has a good interaction with Bi, Ag was selected for deposition on α-Bi 2 Mo 3 O 12 nanorods in this work.…”

Effect of the electrolyte composition on In and Ag–In alloy electrodeposition from cyanide electrolytes

“…Such instabilities are a characteristic phenomenon in some electrochemical systems and they need special attention. In some cases during electrodeposition of alloys the oscillating phenomena could lead to formation of spatiotemporal structures, like the structures in the Ag-Sb [14][15][16][17] and Ag-Bi [18,19] systems.…”

Electrodeposition of silver–tin alloys from pyrophosphate-cyanide electrolytes

“…Alloying with other metals can achieve an enhancement of some properties of silver, like low hardness, wear and tarnish resistance. Several electrolytes and processes for electrodeposition of silver alloys with antimony [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], copper [5,[11][12][13][14], cadmium [5,12,[15][16][17][18][19], bismuth [3,[20][21][22][23][24], lead [5,12,[25][26][27], indium [3,5,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], tin [36][37][38][39]andothermetalshavebeenreported.…”

“…In such cases self-organization phenomena and formation of ordered spatio-temporal structures on the cathode surface may be observed. Such structure and pattern formation occurs during co-deposition of silver with antimony [41][42][43], indium [28,29,32], and bismuth [22].…”